An Annotated Bibliography Of The Internet and the NREN by Richard J. Pugh Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Library Science Degree, at The School of Information Science and Policy, The University at Albany, State University of New York. ISP 680: Seminar in Information Science and Policy Professor Ben-Ami Lipetz April 1993 Copyright, 1993, Richard J. Pugh Research Report Abstract The Internet is rapidly becoming a major means of communication for professionals in all fields, due to it's wide geographic coverage, and the wealth of information it offers. Unfortunately, most people do not know how to use it, beyond the simple function of electronic mail. One of the reasons for this ignorance is the difficulty in locating materials that deal with the Internet and the services it offers. Sources are available in the printed literature, but it is spread over a variety of indexes in several disciplines. Electronic sources are even more difficult to find, and when they are they tend to have poor bibliographic control. This report describes how the author constructed an annotated bibliography of the Internet and the NREN, with the intention of partially solving these problems. The literature search covered several disciplines (despite a distinct slant toward Library and Information Science), allowing users from all disciplines to find some use for the bibliography. The work ends with a page of personal acknowledgements. Comprehensive List of Contents Research Report Major Problem Addressed Literature Search Specific Problem Addressed Methodology Reflection Presentation of Results Acknowledgements Appendix A Bibliography: Introduction Bibliography: Instructions Index Terms Subject Index Location Codes Appendix B Annotated Bibliography Research Report Major Problem Addressed: The difficulty in finding information about the Internet. The Internet is becoming a major means of communication for all types of people in all types of academic, civil, military, and commercial locations. The Internet is not one computer network, but a network of networks at several locations around the world, that are connected by telecommunication and satellite links. Through these links it is possible for users to send, and receive, information from all over the world. Sadly, many people do not know how to use the Internet, or are frustrated in their attempts to learn it. The documentation of how to use the Internet, how it works, how to use it, what the various features are, how it is designed, and the history of it, can be difficult to find. As a result, large portions of the network are not being used to their highest potential. Many people use the network for personal electronic mail, and nothing else. Electronic mail is an excellent feature of the network, but there are other features available, many of which are unused. Literature Search This project actually involved two literature searches. The first one (described here) was quite fast, and had a specific short-term objective. That objective was to find out if an annotated bibliography like the one I had envisioned did not already exist, and to get a general idea of the size and scope of the Internet. I knew that there were many Internet guidebooks available, and all of them talking about how to use the Internet (or perhaps just part of it), and these are easy to find. Many are available over the network itself, while others are available through conventional retail. There are also articles and books that deal with specific aspects of the Internet, but these tend to be difficult to locate without the help of an index. The various printed journal articles and books are accessible through traditional printed indexes, but the material tended to be spread over several indexes, relating to the subject matter of the index/abstract journal. There were even bibliographies, which also tended to deal with one topic, and they become dated very quickly. For instance, an engineer would not be likely to consult Information Science Abstracts for an article about an Internet service relating to engineering. But, an article on such a service may be available through that source and nowhere else. This appears to have been one of the largest obstacles to finding information about the Internet (or the NREN). The information is available within the existing literature, but it does not appear in one, single place. I also found several bibliographies dealing with the Internet, but none of them had acceptable bibliographic control. I also found a directory of computer files, all dealing with different aspects of the Internet, on the Internet itself, but this file contained no bibliographic control. Apparently, information about the Internet and the NREN was not only difficult to locate, but it frequently lacked minimal bibliographic control. Specific Problem Addressed: The absence of an adequate bibliography about the Internet. A bibliography that deals with the Internet and the NREN as the main topic, and not a sub-topic in another topic, with appropriate sub-headings beneath it, would have been a very useful tool for Internet scholars. Such a bibliography would have appealed to several disciplines, and any user, regardless of their skill level. The fact that sources about the Internet can be so difficult to find, I felt it was necessary to construct an Internet bibliography of my own. As I stated earlier, most bibliographies that are aware of the Internet deal with specific aspects of the Internet. I planned to compile an extensive, annotated bibliography that covers the major aspects of the Internet, and many of the secondary aspects of the Internet as well. The Bibliography that I proposed was to act as a starting point for people who are researching a specific internet topic. Such a tool would take some time to assemble, but the resulting reference tool would save a large about of time searching for sources, leaving more time to use the sources that were found. Methodology The process of construction the bibliography was fairly straightforward, but also very time-consuming. Before any actual work went into the bibliography itself, a variety of citation indexes and bibliographies, both printed and electronic, were consulted. This, combined with the observations of mt first literature search, gave me a good idea of the current size of the Internet literature. The first citations that were retained were those picked up during the first literature search (which was a rather small number). At this point, I began to search for Internet and NREN material in printed academic indexes, CD-ROMs, and various online sources. I also consulted my personal library, academic and special libraries, and other professionals who have relevant materials in their personal libraries. The academic indexes that delivered the highest results were: Library Literature, Library and Information Science Abstracts, the Government Printing Office (all on CD-ROM), and Information Science Abstracts (in print). I also used some printed bibliographies, and citations from some of the most recent works. I concentrated on citations that appeared within the last three years, hoping to minimize overlap between my forthcoming bibliography, and those that I knew were completed within the last two years. The electronic materials were much harder to locate. Shortly before I began searching the printed sources (described above), I posted the following message to several Bitnet and Internet listserv programs: TO: Pacs-L [,Autocat, Archives, Govdoc-L, Libref] FR: Richard Pugh RE: Bibliographies Hi folks. Does anyone out there know if there is a comprehensive bibliography of Internet and/or NREN resources? I'm referring to works on or about the net as opposed to what is available through it. I have seen small bibliographies posted here, and I have pulled some in through FTP, but some of you may know of ones that I have missed. If any of you know of a comprehensive bibliography, or as comprehensive as is currently available, please send me a personal message. Thanks. Richard J. Pugh State University of New York at Albany School of Information Science and Policy rp0358@albnyvms.bitnet A few days later, I began to receive suggestions for Internet- related material found on the network. One of these was a bibliography compiled by a woman in Australia, Deidre Stanton, which while more limited in scope than my project, and slightly dated, became one of my most valuable sources for suggestions. I was also referred to an Eric document (by its author in fact), also a bibliography, that I would have otherwise missed! I was also directed to several file lists, numerous individual citations, and some individuals with relevant input. The information from the above network inquiry became the backbone of almost all of my further research. Other tactics for finding computer resources involved sending special commands to the computer system holding the desired archives, which then sent back a list of files. These files had to be retrieved using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and inspected for relevance. It proved unnecessary to use Internet searching tools like "Gopher," "Archie," "WAIS," and "Veronica," but I was prepared to do so had the need arisen. I did, however, use a file service, based at the Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, called "Comserve" (not to be confused with CompuServe). My research schedule for the semester went as follows: February 1 - April 6, searching for relevant citations. April 7 - April 21, indexing, abstracting, and editing the citations for presentation as a printed index. April 22 - April 25, Proofreading and final editing. April 26 - April 27, production of the needed printed copies of the work. April 28, submit for first evaluation. April 29 - May 10, minor revisions. May 11, submit for final evaluation. In truth, several phases of the project were in process at all times, but this schedule represents the major focus of the work at a given time. Three major problems were encountered during the project. These are overlap or citations, locating works, and "dead ends," or works that I was unable to locate. Overlap occurred very frequently in the computer files, because there is no set standard for naming files. As a result, I would sometimes retrieve and abstract a file without realizing until later that I had already worked with the same file under a different name. Fortunately, the network appears to be slowly adopting a standard system for naming files, so a future Internet bibliographer may not encounter this same problem, but I would have to conduct a separate study to be certain. The second problem I encountered was a very simple one: many of the works were difficult or impossible to locate in the time available. The libraries at SUNY, the State Library, and the libraries at Rensselear Polytechnic Institute had a large portion of the works I needed. Inter-library loan was never considered a practical option, because the process can take a very long time, especially for a rare journal or book. I chose to rely on the holdings of other libraries instead. Fortunately, many of these works were located in the libraries of Syracuse University and Cornell University, New York. Even after this, there were several works that I was unable to locate. I have retained all of these "dead" citations for the future, in case I should need to update this work. Should this ever be the case, I will resume trying to locate these sources. For the sake of trivia, had all of the "dead" citations been included, the bibliography could have easily topped one-thousand citations. When this second literature search was finally complete, I had approximately one-thousand pages of notes, citations, and suggestions, and two floppy disks filled with more of the same. It was quite difficult getting everything organized, especially the lists of books and journals. Eventually I had a single page for every journal I had citations for, and a single page for each book or anthology I had, usually containing the printout of an RLIN or OCLC record. This effectively doubled the amount of paper I had to deal with, but it was easier to deal with the citations this way. Once all of the material was arranged this way, I completed the abstracts that would go with them. The abstracts began as three to five word sentence fragments that explained the key concepts of the work, which I selected upon viewing the work. Sometimes they came from the title, from the opening paragraph, the table of contents, and sometimes I chose my own. By this time I was entering the citations, with their new abstracts, into the Word Perfect document that would house the final product. I kept three backups of the file with me at all times (I lost small portions of the work on two separate occasions, but I never lost more that two or three hours of work). While I was completing the abstracts, I assigned index terms to the citation. These terms travelled with the citation and abstract until the index was constructed later on. Originally I had planned to use an established glossary as my source for index terms. Of the two glossaries I found that would have worked, one had a heavy slant on telecommunications, while the other had a heavy slant on computer science. In short, neither of these were acceptable for what I wanted. Instead, I selected index terms from the citations themselves, and from the abstracts (either those I produced, or an abstract that appeared in another source). In the end, each source had at least one index term, while some had as many as five. I decided that an index was absolutely essential for this bibliography, because I knew that while the citations would be arranged alphabetically by main entry, most users would want a subject approach. The bibliography can not be browsed by subject, but the list of index terms can be. Another feature I included was a location code for each work. In most cases, this was the library in which I found the work. This is intended as much for my own use as that of any users. If a user desires to obtain a specific work featured in this bibliography, he or she knows of at least one place where that work can be found. I (personally) would use the location codes in the event that I should one day need to back-track over my research. With these location codes it is not necessary for me to "re-locate" the work again. The construction of the index was very slow and tedious. The first step was to arrange all five-hundred-odd citations alphabetically, and assign them ordinal number codes (a practice very similar to that used in printed abstract journals). Once that was achieved, I pulled the index terms away from the citations, one at a time, and placed the matching ordinal numbers beside the appropriate term. The index was placed in front of the bibliography, placing it with the other instructions required to use the bibliography. Once this procedure was complete, the textual sections at the beginning (which were about half-finished for most of the project) were written and placed at the beginning of the work, and a single one-page acknowledgement was prepared for the back of the work, thanking all of the people who assisted me with this project. After that, it was a simple matter of spell checking, margin setting, other cosmetic changes, and printing. Reflection "If you had it all to do over, what would you change?" I discovered about half way through the project that using textfiles alone was a very inefficient way to handle a project this size. Granted, the tradition of building indexes by arranging small markers is time-honored, but it is still very slow. It might have been easier had I used a database program to do the sorting and storing of the citations, and again for the construction of the index. When everything was ready, I could have ran an output of the database, index and all, into one or two ascii files. These would then be pulled into Word Perfect, cleaned up, and then added to the other parts of the document. Furthermore, using a textfile will be very difficult to update in the future. Another thing I could have done is limit the geographical range of the bibliography, to just the Capital District (for instance). Then, I could have restricted myself to the holdings of SUNY, RPI, the State Library, Sage Federation, Siena, and Union. This might have made the task more manageable. Barbara Via had already composed a bibliography for the SUNY campus, which is far from complete, but the fact remains that another scholar has "claimed" that project. I'm sure I could come up with other things I should have handled differently, but collectively, I am very satisfied with the work. Presentation of results The final results of this project were presented in three parts. The first section identified the purpose and scope of the project, and contained a narrative of the project itself methodology used during the project. The second section contained the reference tools and instructions required for using the bibliography, such as the index terms (designed especially for this project), the index, and a list of library location codes. The third section contained the bibliography itself, which was presented in a format similar to that of a printed journal index, with the citations arranged in alphabetical order by main entry (in most cases this will be the author, editor or title). The citations followed the Turabian style bibliographic format, with the following modifications: 1). Electronic sources, both the large files and the articles from electronic journals, have retrieval instructions at the end of the citation. 2). Government publications have the Superintendent of Documents number supplied with the citation, where such a number is available. This is to simplify the retrieval process for future users. 3). A location code, presented as so: {code}, indicates the library or electronic source through which the work was located. This is also for future users in the Capital District, since many of the works were found in and around Albany, New York. Most of the works have indicative abstracts. A few of the abstracts are of the informative or critical type, but since this bibliography was designed as a tool for further research, short abstracts that simply stated what a work was about were considered sufficient. Some of the works, like the common guidebooks, have criticism built into the abstract. It was assumed that beginners would be the ones most interested in these works, and they might appreciate comments on the content, writing style, or both. At least four printed copies were produced: one for the professor, one for the School of Information Science and Policy, one for the author, and one for the University Library, by prior arrangement. An additional copy might be made for the Dewey Library. There were some requests for copies on disk, also by prior arrangement. A few individuals, including the author and a member of the University faculty have suggested making the work available as computer file for file transfer retrieval (FTP) from a local transfer sight. At this writing, the New York State Educational Center, or Comserve (based at Rensellear Polytechnic Institute) are the most likely choices. Another suggestion has been making the work available on microform through Eric. This will be investigated shortly after the final approval of the paper. In light of this, the work has been copyrighted, and at this writing holds the status of "copyright pending." Future printed publication is possible, perhaps though the university press, through a publisher that specializes in the Internet and the NREN, or even through a journal, but that will be investigated at a later time. The following bibliographies were consulted during the creation of this bibliography: 117, 129, 204, 228, 295, 402, 403, 425, 438, 483, 530. Acknowledgements In closing, I wish to thank the following individuals, who, at some point, large or small, assisted me in this project. Sarah Beasley (Oregon State) Dorie Bertram (Washington U. of Law) Jennifer C. Boettcher (SUNY Central) Kate Cleland (Swarthmore College) Pat Cline (Illinois State) Barbara W. Cormack (SUNY Central) Aurora Cruz (SUNY Albany) Prof. John Danek (SUNY Albany) Dr. Tom Galvin (SUNY Albany) Patricia Henning Walter Henry (Stanford) Dr. James Hodson (U. of Minnesota) Marty Kesselman (Rutgers U. of Medicine) Dr. Ben-Ami Lipetz (SUNY Albany) Gillian McCombs (SUNY Albany) Eileen Moyer (MIT) Jean Pajerek (Cornell University) Prof. David Pugh (SUNY Cortland) Bob Strauss (U. of North Carolina, Asheville) Maryhope Tobin (SUNY Albany) David Tyckoson (SUNY Albany) Jerome Yavarkovsky (N.Y. State Library) Toby Z. (Yale) Appendix A and B: Reference Material and Annotations Abstract This lengthy bibliography was designed as a research aid for scholars who either use the Internet for research in their own discipline, or for scholars who study the Internet and the NREN. The citations presented cover not only the Internet and the NREN, but issues that are closely related to them. These include electronic publishing, the social issues that could result from the NREN, the legal necessities of maintaining such a system, and weather or not the network will be free or commercial, The bibliography is over five hundred sources long. It is arranged alphabetically by main entry, allowing users to search by author (personal or corporate, depending on the work), and it comes with a subject index that is arranged along the lines of an ordinal index used by a abstract journal, which allows searching by subject. The bibliography, though very large, makes no claim to be comprehensive. However, the coverage is sufficient to allow an scholar to begin a "pathfinder" search on almost any topic related to the network. Appendix A Bibliography: Introduction This is an attempt to provide a bibliography of the Internet and the NREN, that contains representatives of every major topic related to the network. Numerous bibliographies exist that address one topic of the network, but never do they address everything. To the best of the author's knowledge, such a resource did not exist prior to the completion of this, though some have been proposed. In addition to general information about the network, guidebooks, and comments about it, topics include electronic publishing; social and economic issues arising from the development of the network; political issues stemming from project NREN, including the transcripts of the hearings themselves; protocol issues and concerns, and the effect of the NREN of libraries. The list contains over five-hundred sources, which are intended as a starting point for further research. One can gather a considerable amount of information from this list alone, but can gather even more by following the citations within the works provided here. This is sometimes called the "pathfinder" approach. While the scope of this bibliography is large, it is by no means complete. Any suggestions for improvements and updates will be gladly accepted by the author. Bibliography: Instructions This section contains the reference tools needed to make the best use of the bibliography. The first feature is the list of the index terms used, and it is followed by the actual index. The last feature is a key for the location codes that appear with the citations. These codes indicate through which library or online source the citation was located. Many of the index terms are for specific programs or Internet features that will not make sense to a beginner. However, the works indexed as "guidebooks" or as "general" works frequently point to works intended for amatures. In general, a user is advised to use those index terms that make sense to them. All of the terms will make sense, after some use. Browsing by author: the bibliography is arranged alphabetically by main entry, and is well-suited for this type of searching. Browsing by Subject: The index terms, which begin on the next page, are arranged in the same order as they are on the index, and are designed for subject searching. Unfortunately, it is not possible to search by title, or added entry. Such features are being considered for future revisions of this work. Index Terms Subject Headings AARNet [Australian Network] Archie Archives-Electronic ARPNET Bibliographic Instruction Bibliography Bitnet Bulletin Boards CALS CANARIE [Canadian network] CARL [Colorado] CNI Commentary Commercial Information Services Commercialization Communication Conference Proceedings Conferencing [Electronic] Copyright CWIS Databases Description [Networks] Dissemination Economic Issues Education Electronic Journals Electronic Mail Electronic Publishing Ethics Fiber Optics File Lists-Directories File Compression File Transfer General Glossary Gopher Government Information Guidebook HERMES [GPO Project] HERTIS [UK Network] Hippi [graphics program/utility] History [network development] Hypermedia Hypertext Hytelnet [service] Illinet [Illinois network] Infocal [Berkeley network] Information Access Information Retrieval Information Searching Infrastructure [of network] Institutions-Directories IRVING [Colorado network] ISDN [system] JANET [UK Network] Jupiter [UK Experiment] Knowledge Gateway [micro program] Legal Issues Legislation Library Service Libs [program] LIBTEL [service] Linked Systems Project Listserv [program and service] Local Networks Management [of NREN] MELVYL [California network] Minitex [Minnesota network] Multi Media NetLib [service] Network-Directories NSFNet [National Science Foundation network] OCLC [Commercial Service] OPACs [Online Public Access Catalogs] Operation [of networks] OSI [protocol series] PANIX [New York City] Policy Political Issues Prospero [program] Protocols [network communication] PSI Link Public Libraries Reference Librarianship Research Resource Sharing RLIN Security [of information] Services [Internet and Bitnet] Simtel [micro communications] Social Issues Sonoma [program] SPIRES [bibliographic database program] SURFNet [Netherlands] SWALCAP [UK Network] TCP/IP [protocol standard] Technology [network] Telecommunications Telnet [service] USENET User Interface Users Virtual Libraries Virtual Reality Viruses [computer] Wais [service] WELL [World-Wide Network Wide Area Networks X.400 [protocol variant] X.500 [protocol variant] Z39.50 [protocol] Geographic Headings Australia Canada Japan Netherlands North America United Kingdom Subject Index AARNet .......................... 001, 100, 192, 238, 480, 481. Archie .......................... 143, 313, 329. Archives-Electronic ............. 027, 100, 181, 210, 349, 551. ARPNET .......................... 120, 184, 288, 459. Australia ....................... 001, 027, 049, 192, 238, 480. Bibliographic Instruction ....... 163, 218, 509, 545. Bibliography .................... 035, 036, 066, 072, 074, 077, 117, 129, 147, 204, 228, 295, 314, 317, 359, 402, 425, 434, 438, 463, 474, 475, 483, 484, 485, 506, 530, 546. Bitnet .......................... 032, 040, 043, 114, 120, 184 237, 376, 495. Bulletin Boards ................. 182, 183, 352, 381, 386, 426. CALS ............................ 053. Canada .......................... 442, 451, 466. CANARIE ......................... 466. CARL ............................ 476. CNI ............................. 017, 108, 296, 388, 408, 409 430, 433, 457. Commentary ...................... 006, 007, 012, 020, 024, 031, 039, 054, 071, 097, 121, 149, 152, 166, 187, 207, 236, 401 464, 500, Commercial Information Services . 134, 146, 222, 262, 268, 269, 387, 398, 472, 544. Commercialization ............... 032, 160, 168, 232, 393, 516, 520, 536. Communication ................... 003, 029, 058, 060, 095, 111, 114, 125, 131, 140, 173, 185, 190, 220, 224, 233, 239, 273, 283, 289, 320, 345, 346, 351, 356, 366, 376, 412, 416, 428, 439, 440, 473, 550. Conference Proceedings .......... 009, 017, 103, 108, 109, 148, 166, 170, 172, 239, 241, 347, 370, 400, 448, 480, 496. Conferencing .................... 021, 040, 041, 043, 231, 276, 298, 351, 426, 427, 531. Copyright ....................... 051, 068, 092, 142, 154, 177, 217, 370, 371, 393, 396, 397, 457, 523, CWIS ............................ 019, 020, 026, 048, 049, 082, 092, 100, 171, 206, 229, 234, 257, 265, 307, 333, 260, 363 374, 381, 406, 424, 445, 451, 478, 491, 536. Databases ....................... 029, 113, 146, 226, 256, 260, 340, 352, 371, 372, 381, 418, 472, 544. Description ..................... 003, 009, 063, 081, 089, 173, 188, 192, 198, 205, 211, 213, 214, 222, 223, 238, 242, 249, 258, 266, 276, 279, 282, 287, 288, 301, 318, 339, 367, 374, 379, 383, 411, 423, 449, 460 470, 476, 487, 501, 504, 531, 538, 549. Dissemination ................... 075, 127, 175, 215, 243, 272, 352, 364, 454, 514, 522. Economic Issues ................. 010, 014, 016, 025, 026, 037, 059, 061, 073, 078, 080, 106, 107, 124, 141, 151, 153, 156, 160, 177, 189, 195, 196, 203, 302, 322, 330, 331, 336, 341, 345, 362, 269, 388, 393, 395, 403, 432, 433, 439, 456, 518, 542. Education ....................... 004, 069, 073, 076, 085, 122, 124, 130, 150, 189, 194, 197, 199, 204, 247, 249, 261, 265, 313, 315, 346, 348, 357, 362, 388, 403, 404, 409, 438, 447, 499, 508, 513, 516, 517, 544, 545, 546. Electronic Journals ............. 025, 033, 036, 040, 041, 042, 154, 210, 218, 219, 230, 244, 246, 276, 286, 326, 349, 350, 354, 355, 371, 396, 414, 415, 421, 446, 477, 489. Electronic Mail ................. 021, 047, 050, 085, 090, 099, 104, 105, 125, 131, 134, 175, 179, 180, 193, 208, 248, 283, 319, 380, 407, 414, 421, 440, 441, 494, 525, 529, 541. Electronic Publishing ........... 022, 024, 034, 035, 036, 051, 053, 067, 070, 079, 102, 127, 128, 147, 156, 172, 209, 216, 244, 250, 260, 271, 300, 302, 305, 306, 364, 385, 397, 408, 419, 433, 446, 469, 477, 489, 534, 552. Ethics .......................... 045, 091, 193, 256, 497, 505, 531, Europe .......................... 094, 374. Fiber Optics .................... 026, 046, 086, 185, 270, 330, 392. File Lists-Directories .......... 001, 027, 129, 278, 312, 314, 316, 317, 434. File Compression ................ 292. File Transfer ................... 021, 074, 103, 104, 200, 255, 285, 292, 376, 378, 391, 508. General ......................... 001, 006, 020, 021, 039, 044, 047, 091, 115, 117, 136, 138, 164, 171, 178, 230, 263, 274, 277, 278, 279, 284, 287, 293, 294, 317, 323, 328, 329, 344, 345, 406, 417, 420, 443, 448, 483, 495, 498, 507, 539. Glossary ........................ 110, 159, 245, 316, 323, 431. Gopher .......................... 008, 242, 342. Government Information .......... 127, 170, 215, 264, 343, 449, 471. Guidebook ....................... 091, 171, 180, 192, 274, 279, 287, 312, 406, 422, 443, 498. HERMES .......................... 319. HERTIS .......................... 023. Hippi ........................... 221. History ......................... 023, 031, 098, 118, 120, 156, 169, 189, 205, 223, 229, 282, 287, 307, 308, 310, 336, 338, 340, 403, 411, 421, 423, 459, 466, 547, 550. Hypermedia ...................... 218, 361. Hypertext ....................... 046, 384. Hytelnet ........................ 460, 461, 481. Illinet ......................... 282. Infocal ......................... 045. Information Access .............. 022, 051, 070, 113, 143, 144, 150, 163, 171, 172, 177, 186, 217, 250, 280, 306, 310, 368, 372, 386, 408, 469, 491, 514, 522. Information Retrieval ........... 003, 008, 095, 126, 133, 253, 255, 267, 309, 339, 460, 479, 511, 544. Information Searching ........... 002, 008, 071, 124, 126, 133, 241, 253, 356, 375, 503. Infrastructure .................. 005, 007, 010, 052, 084, 094, 096, 132, 140, 162, 195, 235, 247, 258, 294, 390, 399, 444 455, 527, 533. Institutions-Directories ........ 017, 100, 115, 129, 204, 334, 417, 478. IRVING .......................... 303, 468. ISDN ............................ 239, 267, 289, 367. JANET ........................... 087, 089, 094, 104, 118, 119, 273, 318, 400, 487. Jupiter ......................... 318. Knowledge Gateway ............... 247. Legal Issues .................... 068, 155, 161, 191, 193, 194, 259, 353, 392, 505. Legislation ..................... 007, 013, 014, 016, 026, 060, 062, 064, 065, 142, 158, 170, 174, 213, 232, 291, 321, 343, 370, 371, 373, 392, 393, 403, 410, 471, 512, 513, 515, 516 517, 519, 520, 521, 523, 526 527, 532. Library Service ................. 004, 039, 049, 052, 062, 069, 070, 074, 109, 133, 151, 165, 173, 175, 189, 202, 216, 218, 237, 283, 292, 303, 309, 320, 321, 372, 373, 395, 467, 486, 487, 493, 494, 510, 515, 543, 548. Libs ............................ 339, 481, 482. LIBTEL .......................... 333. Linked Systems Project .......... 030, 133, 173. Listserv ........................ 040, 041, 043, 103, 277, 298, 299, 324, 376, 380, 443, 504 531, 543. Local Networks .................. 023, 065, 078, 133, 139, 169, 188, 201, 202, 303, 304, 307, 360, 373, 386, 445, 476, 490, 492, 536. Management ...................... 010, 064, 065, 102, 188, 335, 365, 385, 392, 455, 463, 474, 524, 532, 549. MELVYL .......................... 307. Minitex ......................... 282. Multi Media ..................... 084, 088, 119, 219, 221, 239, 264, 272, 273, 347, 457, 480. Netherlands ..................... 211. NetLib .......................... 481. Network-Directories ............. 001, 027, 048, 049, 066, 099, 100, 114, 167, 180, 200, 206, 231, 248, 266, 268, 275, 277, 279, 288, 298, 299, 334, 342, 363, 406, 451, 462, 478, 525. North America ................... 222. NSFNet .......................... 232, 353, 399, 456. OCLC ............................ 387, 389, 390, 437. OPACs ........................... 019, 087, 169, 171, 206, 218, 275, 306, 311, 320, 333, 350, 381, 424, 478, 547, 548. Operation ....................... 251, 368, 437, 535, 538. OSI ............................. 028, 309, 322. PANIX ........................... 139. Policy .......................... 045, 108, 127, 148, 176, 271, 296, 343, 362, 369, 410, 429, 526, 527, 543. Political Issues ................ 107, 142, 174, 223, 337, 444, 465, 518, 526, 533, 534. Prospero ........................ 375. Protocols ....................... 065, 081, 083, 087, 091, 099, 111, 123, 131, 133, 139, 140, 157, 173, 208, 214, 224, 233, 237, 239, 240, 308, 309, 312, 320, 383, 441, 452, 475, 543, 548. PSI Link ........................ 405. Public Libraries ................ 450. Reference Librarianship ......... 281, 285. Research ........................ 052, 058, 075, 172, 186, 199, 216, 220, 256, 276, 286, 305, 344, 419, 436, 465, 512, 515, 520, 552. Resource Sharing ................ 030, 092, 133, 151, 270, 303, 369, 468, 528. RLIN ............................ 222, 437. Security ........................ 012, 015, 068, 116, 161, 392, 393, 399, 429. Services ........................ 021, 032, 048, 072, 074, 082, 089, 103, 112, 113, 144, 167, 169, 171, 202, 249, 262, 266, 269, 285, 310, 312, 315, 316, 327, 334, 339, 346, 348, 356, 366, 375, 377, 378, 382, 391, 398, 410, 416, 427, 472, 495, 501, 507, 509, 524. Simtel .......................... 002, 233. Social Issues ................... 003, 018, 075, 078, 101, 120, 122, 124, 125, 135, 148, 153, 155, 156, 179, 182, 183, 190, 193, 197, 217, 223, 281, 332, 337, 345, 353, 388, 403, 416, 439, 440, 473, 496, 502, 510 537. Sonoma .......................... 482. SPIRES .......................... 360, 442. SURFNet ......................... 211. SWALCAP ......................... 198. TCP/IP .......................... 028, 111, 123, 138, 214, 307, 322, 356, 361, 452, 474. Technology ...................... 011, 037, 075, 076, 084, 095, 107, 130, 174, 190, 212, 218, 223, 224, 265, 281, 292, 304, 365, 412, 429, 457, 493, 495, 518, 534, 548, 550. Telecommunications .............. 062, 253, 270, 291, 323, 485, 527, 543, 547. Telnet .......................... 103, 200, 262, 307, 382, 461, 482. United Kingdom .................. 009, 087, 112, 119, 198, 229, 273, 318, 400, 470, 486, 487. USENET .......................... 231, 297, 324, 383. User Interface .................. 144, 145, 241, 257, 346. Users ........................... 148, 540. Virtual Libraries ............... 039, 082, 088, 306, 327, 340, 358, 385, 430, 453. Virtual Reality ................. 057, 436, 537. Viruses [computer] .............. 435. Wais ............................ 044, 077, 100, 157, 201, 234, 252, 254, 255, 295, 325, 381, 462, 503. WELL ............................ 046, 137, 178, 384. Wide Area Networks .............. 030, 252, 551. X.400 ........................... 093, 441, 494, 529. X.500 ........................... 441. Z39.50 .......................... 044, 083, 224, 225, 226, 227, 234, 240, 280, 309, 325, 413, 458. Library/Electronic Information Location Codes These are the codes used for indicating the library where a given source was located. They appear in the citations as three- letter codes, enclosed in brackets. All of them are in New York State. {BPO} Business Periodicals On-Disk (Electronic, CD-ROM) {CAM} Alfred Mann Library of Agricultural Sciences Cornell University, Ithaca, NY {CCL} Carpenter Library of Engineering and Technology Cornell University, Ithaca, NY {CEL} Eastwick Library of Business Cornell University, Ithaca, NY {COL} John M. Olin Memorial Library Cornell University, Ithaca, NY {CUL} Uris Central Library Cornell University, Ithaca, NY {HSG} Stevens-German Library Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY {ITN} INTERNET (Electronic) {LEXIS} LEXIS Electronic News Service {NYS} New York State Library, Cultural Education Center Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY {RAL} Architecture Library Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY {RFM} Flotsam Memorial Library Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY {SDL} Dewey Graduate Library State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY {SUB} E. S. Bird Memorial Library Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY {SUL} University Library SUNY Albany, Albany, NY Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography 001. AARNet. AARNet Resource guide. Canberra, AARNet, 1991. FTP aarnet.edu.au; directory pub/resource-guide; resource_guide_archives.txt, resource_guide_compresources.txt, resource_guide_directories.txt, resource_guide_libraries.txt, resource_guide_netmembers.txt. FTP infolib.murdoch.edu.au, directory pub/dir/netser; file aarnet.resource.gde. WAIS Server [archie.au], source [aarnet-resource-guide]. {ITN} This collection of files act as a directory for the AARNet network. The various files contain a variety of information, but the bibliographic control of the directory is limited to the filenames. Beginning users may be intimidated by this. 002. Accessing the Simtel-20 Archives from Bitnet. 23 September 1992. Email: listserv@rpiecs, get pdget help. {ITN} This file contains a list of commands, both DOS and mainframe based, that can assist a user in searching the Simtel- 20 archives. 003. Adams, Roy J. Communication and Delivery Systems for Librarians. Aldershot, England: Gower Limited, 1990. {NYS} This book contains a historical overview of network development, starting with radio and television, all the way to wide area networks. Artificial intelligence and other "future" scenarios are addresses, along with the social implications of both existing and proposed technology. Several references are included throughout the work. 004. Adams, Roy J. Information Technology & Libraries: A Future for Academic Libraries. London: Croom Helm, 1986. {NYS} This somewhat older work contains a history of computer networking, and how it has effected higher education. It also examined the future of libraries in light of networks (their benefits and problems for libraries), and how they will effect management and staffing. 005. "Advanced Network and Services Inc., Forced to Expand National Computer Superhighway." Information Today, 7(10) (November 1990):43. {CAM:BPO} In this news release, more commercial vendors announce their joining of the NREN consortium. 006. Akin, Omer and D. Radha Rao. "Efficient computer-user Interface in electronic mail systems." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 22(6) (1985):589-611. {SUL} This work contains an analysis of user response and usage in computer-user interfaces, with both expert and regular users being observed. Expert users were found to have fewer errors, but no increase in response times. 007. Alberco, Ralph. "The Development of an 'Information Superhighway.'" Computers in Libraries. 10 (1 Jan 1990):33-35. {SDL} This article deals mainly with the technology and logistics of the network, in light of its increased use. This use requires certain upgrades to the net, such that each user has the storage capacity of a book, with the speed of a network. He briefly states the NREN bills that have appeared, and provides several references. 008. Alberti, Bob, et. al. The Internet Gopher Protocol: a Distributed Document Search and Retrieval Protocol. University of Minnesota Microcomputer and Workstation Networks Center, 1991, revised 1992. FTP: boombox.micro.umn.edu, pub/gopher/gopher- protocol, protocol.txt. {ITN} This is a description of the Gopher protocol: full test searching, search and retrieve capabilities, and document delivery capabilities. 009. "ALPSP/IOP Electronic Networking Seminar." Serials, 4(3) (Nov 1991):63-4. {SDL} This is a brief report of a seminar discussing the growth of networks in the USA and the UK, from LAN's to national systems. The seminar took place on October 4, 1991, in London. 010. Anthes, Gary H. "Gigabite net gets $15M in funds." Computerworld, 24 (June 18, 1990):61. {RFM} This news column describes how the industrial quarter, the government, and the academic community have pooled together $15 million in funds to help finance the construction of the national network. Communication companies may join the pool as well. 011. Anthes, Gary H. "High-Performance Computing." Computerworld, 25 (April 29, 1991):100. {RFM} In this work, high-performance computing technology is expected to "trickle-down" to more powerful personal computers. The article included charts of expected high-speed computer returns. 012. Anthes, Gary H. "National Gigabit net security under fire." Computerworld 24 (Oct 8 1990):59+ {RFM} This is a commentary on the security of the network, or lack thereof. In terms of privacy, anything goes on the Internet. Should security be placed at the various nodes, or on the connection lines? 013. Anthes, Gary H. "Network Bill in Congress." Computerworld, 25 (Jan 28 1991):16. {RFM} This brief news report outlines an NREN bill going through Congress, with a $1 billion budget. 014. Anthes, Gary H. "NREN Legislation gains new life." Computerworld, 24 (Oct 8, 1990):8. {RFM} This news release reports on how NREN gained new support in Congress. There is still the concern of cost, however. 015. Anthes, Gary H. "Rocky Road." Computerworld, 24 (Oct 8 1990): 63. {RFM} This article looks at the murky situation of network security. When a standard for security is accepted, it may be necessary for local security systems to be removed. 016. Anthes, Gary H. "U.S. Budget Shines on High-Tech." Computerworld, 25 (Feb 11, 1991):6+ {RFM} This new release deals with a proposal, by President George Bush, to allocate $76 Billion for the research and development of high technology, including the NREN. However, the proposal included tax credits, so Congress defeated it. 017. ARL/CAUSE/EDUCOM, Coalition for Networked Information. Resource Binder. Washington D.C. : CNI, 15 March 1991. This binder contains all kinds of information regarding the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI). For example, is contains a list of members, a list of programs and objectives for library automation and the NREN, a list of resources for computing research, a program report of the Jan 1990 meeting, a report of the Fall 1990 Task Force meeting, and an agenda for the Spring 1991 meeting. 018. Arms, Caroline. "A new Information Infrastructure." Online. 14 (5 Sept 1990):15-22. {SDL} This article briefly summarizes what changes computers have brought to the information field, and how the NREN might effect the field in the future. It also briefly described what the NREN would be, with the possible benefits and difficulties it would have. 019. Arms, Caroline, ed. Campus Networking Strategies. Bedford Mass, 1988. (EDUCOM Strategies series on Information Technology). {NYS} This collection of papers deals with the interconnecting of CWISs and OPACs, with specific systems used as case studies. The editor also comments on the importance of national networks. 020. Arms, Caroline, ed. Campus Strategies for Libraries and Electronic Information. Bedford, Mass: Digital Press, 1990. {SDL} This book, released by EDUCOM, describes the campus systems of twelve universities and research centers, and the effect these systems may have on the development of the NREN. The book also contains a commentary and prospects for the future, a good bibliography, and several references. 021. Arms, Caroline. "Using the National Networks: Bitnet and the Internet." Online 14 (5 Sept 1990): 24-29. {SDL} This article contains an overview of electronic mail, bulletin boards, file transfer (FTP), telnet, and remote databases. It then considers what these services could to in the future. 022. Arms, William Y. "Scholarly Publishing on the National Networks." Scholarly Publishing 23(3) (April 1992):158-169. {SUB} This article affirms the advantages of network publishing: speed, accuracy, easy communication with great commercial promise. However, the issue of access remains, and this will slow the growth of networks until these issues are resolved. 023. Ashby, Margaret. HERTIS: The Development of a Library Network. Hatfield, England: HERTIS, 1986. {SDL} This book tracks the history of the HERTIS system (a co- operative network between several colleges in Hartfordshire), from its beginnings in the 1950's through the 1980's. A work of type is of interest to network scholars, because systems like this one have become the core of the Internet. 024. Ashley, Charles. "INTERNET groups allow for productive information gathering." Online Review 16(3) (June 1992):157-160. {SDL} This brief article describes how the Internet, or any other network, can be an excellent source of information. It can also be a venue for collaboration, and a means of publication. 025. Astle, Deanna L. "Suicide Squeeze: The Escalating Cost of Scholarly Journals." Academe 85(4) (July-Aug 1989): 13-17. {SUL} This article illustrates the well known fact that printed journals are very expensive to produce and distribute. Alternatives, like electronic journals, are being sought all of the time. 026. Atkinson, Richard C. and Donald W. Anderson. "Wiring the Campuses" Science, 248 (May 4, 1990):529. {SUL} Personal Computers on campus were, at first, seen as an extension of whatever CWIS the school had. Now that many of these CWIS systems have been incorporated into the Internet, the National Science Foundation has proposed wiring campuses with fiber-optics, thus enhancing interaction with the network. Sadly, this is very expensive. 027. Australian Archive sites. Wollongong, N.S.W., Computing Services, University of Wollongong, 1992. FTP host: ftp.cs.uow.edu.au; file pub/aus-archive-sites. FTP host: infolib.murdoch.edu.au; directory pub/dir/netser; file ozarchives.sites.list. {ITN} This file contains a list of all electronic archive sights located in Australia, which can in turn be searched using FTP, WAIS, Archie, or other searching tools. 028. Avram, Henriette D. "Building a Unified Information network." EDUCOM Bulletin, 23(4) (Winter 1988):11-14. {SUL} This article talks about the difficulty of having two major protocol systems on the Internet (OSI/LSP and TCP/IP). This results in two systems, with two different functions, and ultimately two networks. Obviously, this is pointless. 029. Avram, Henriette D. "Current Issues in Networking." Journal of Academic Librarianship. 12(4) (September 1986):205-209. {SDL} This older work looks at the need to resolve issues of incompatible systems, linking systems, and database ownership by librarians (and other information centers), quickly. How these issues are resolved will have a profound effect on future networks. 030. Avram, Henriette D. "The Linked Systems Project: Its Implications for Resource Sharing." Library Resources & Technical Services, 30(1) (Jan/March 1986):36-46. {SDL} This article looks at the Linked Systems Project, an older idea similar to the NREN, that linked computer systems together is a series of wide area networks. The services are similar to those of the Internet. 031. Avram, Henriette D. "Toward a Nationwide Library Network." Journal of Library Administration 8(3/4) (Fall/Winter 1987):95- 116. {SDL} In this article, the author expresses concern over the development of a national network. At the time this article was written (1987), there was no effective method for the national planning and coordination that such a project requires. 032. Baczewski, Philip. Bitnet: Your Gateway to the World. University of North Texas. Email: listserv@bitnic, get Bitnet Baczcew_p. {ITN} Despite what people think, Bitnet is larger and more active than people give it credit for. Like Internet, of which Bitnet has become a major part, Bitnet is expanding its commercial uses. 033. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Electronic Serials on Bitnet." Computers in Libraries 11(4) (April 1991):50. {SDL} In this brief column, Bailey described the growth of electronic journals on Bitnet. Such journals are available, but the field is growing very slowly. 034. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Electric (Online) Publishing in Action ... The Public-Access Computer Systems Review and other Electronic Serials." Online 15 (Jan 1, 1991): 28-35. {SDL} The flexibility and capability of electronic publishing is described in this article, using the Public-Access Computer Systems Review as an example. The article also describes the nature of electronic publication, its development, operation, and possible implications for the future. 035. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Electronic Publishing on Networks: A Selective Bibliography of Recent Works." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 3 (2) (1992): 13-20. Email listserv@uhupvm1.bitnet; get bailey prv3n2 f=mail {ITN} This article consists of a short list of sources dealing with network based publishing. The file is not extensive, and is not intended to be complete. It is designed to act as a starting point for those intending to do further research in this area. 036. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. Electronic Serials and Related: A Brief Bibliography. University of Houston, TX, 27 April 1992. FTP infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/bib, bailey.bib. {ITN} This bibliography is a collection of sources dealing with electronic journals, electronic serials, and online publishing. Several of the cited sources are from online sources and electronic journals. 037. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Fostering Technical Innovation in Libraries." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 3(7) (1992). Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get bailey prv3n7 f=mail. {ITN} This article encourages libraries to seize every financial opportunity to upgrade their technical equipment. Grants, special staff provisions, hiring experts, are other possible uses for the available funds. This article, while not directly related to the NREN, does allow for libraries to improve their network access, when the funds allow. 038. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Intelligent Multimedia Computer Systems: Emerging Information Resources in the Network Environment." Library Hi Tech, 8(1) (Is 1990):29-41. {SUB} This article looks at possible new multimedia systems that could appear on the NREN, or for stand-alone computers. These include hypermedia, multimedia databases, multimedia message systems, and virtual reality. 039. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Libraries with Glass Walls." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 1(2) (1990): 91-93. Email: listserve@uhupvm1; get bailey prv1n1 f=mail. {ITN} In this editorial, Charles Bailey addresses some of the issues facing libraries today with regard to the internet and the proposed NREN. Library service (especially-Inter Library Loan) has changed because of the fast, easy access to information that the internet provides, but the cost of running such a system must be paid by someone, and deciding who this someone will be is a constant concern. He describes a "virtual library," with its no- cost access to vast quantities of information, as a fantasy with little bearing on reality, and advocates a more realistic approach to the development of scholarly computer networks. 040. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Library-Oriented Computer Conferences and Electronic Serials on Bitnet and Internet." Database Searcher, 7(2) (Feb/mar 1991):22-3. {SUL} This article contains a brief list of some of the major listserves and online conferences for librarians. Some electronic journals are listed as well. 041. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Network-Based Computer Conferences and Electronic Serials for Librarians." Research and Education Networking, 2(7) (Sept 1991):8-9. {COL} This article contains a list of major listservs available on Bitnet and the Internet. Directions for receiving several electronic journals is also provided. 042. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "Network-Based Electronic Serials." Information Technology and Libraries, 11(1) (March 1992):29-35. {SDL} This article contains an overview of electronic serials: their name, type, effect on the network, and future. Electronic journals are on the increase, but they will not replace paper for quite some time. Quality is very high, but the knowledge base needs expanding. 043. Bailey, Charles W., Jr. "The Public-Access Computer Systems Forum: A Computer Conference on Bitnet." Library Software Review, 9(2):71-4. {SDL} This is a brief description of the PACS-L server: what it covers, how it works, and how to connect. Several other important library and Information Science servers are listed as well. 044. Bailey, Charles W., Jr., and Dana Rooks, eds. "Symposium on the Role of Network-Based Electronic Resources in Scholarly Communication and Research." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2(2) (1991): 4-60. Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get bailey1 prn2n2 f=mail. {ITN} In this article, Charles Bailey speaks with four experts on the nature and future of internet, and what role librarians are expected to play. The discussion is between Ralph Alberico (University of Texas, Austin), William Britten (University of Tennessee, Knoxville), Craig A. Summerhill (Coalition for Networked Information), and Erwin K. Welsch (University of Wisconsin, Madison). Extensive attention is paid to the Z39.50 protocol and the WAIS service. Several references to other works are included. 045. Baker, Margaret. "The Development of an Information Policy for the University of California at Berkeley's Infocal Campus Information Service." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 3(7) (1992): 4-18. (Refereed Article.) Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get baker prv3n7 f=mail. {ITN} This article deals with the development of an information policy for Berkeley's information network, Infocal. Issues such as operations, network ethics, and compatibility with other networks were addressed during the development of the system, and are summarized here. Contains several references and two appendices. 046. Barners-Lee, Tim, et. al. World-Wide Web: The Information Universe. Switzerland, CERN, 1992. FTP: nxoc01.cern.ch, pub/www/doc, Article_9202.ps. {ITN} This paper talks of a project to unite all of the worlds wide-area nets into one large one, using fiber-optics and satellites. The system would use hypertext. 047. Barron, Billy. "How to Find Out Someone's E-mail Address Without Using the Telephone." CCNEWS Articles Abstracts 5(26) (November 6, 1992). Email: listserv@bitnic, get address barron_b. {ITN} This rather short article offers tips on how to find out the email address of someone without calling or writing. Some suggested tactics include business cards, journal articles, and local directory services like "who is." 048. Barron, Billy. UNT's Accessing On-Line Bibliographic Databases. University of North Texas. August 24, 1992. FTP: ftp.unt.edu, /pub/library, libraries.txt. {SUL} This is an extensive guide containing step-by-step access instructions for various library catalogs and university based information services. Most of the sources are in the United States, but some international entries are present. 049. Barry, Anthony B. and Deidre E. Stanton. Australian and New Zealand Telnet Accessible Library Services. Canberra, A.C.T., Australian National University Library; Murdoch, W.A., Murdoch University Library, May 11, 1992. FTP infolib.murdoch,edu.ac, pub/dir/netinfo, anzlibraries.list. {ITN} This work is similar to the AARNet guide, but expands on certain areas. Each location in this guide comes with a telnet address (for accessing a CWIS, OPAC, or both), a brief overview of how to use each system, and, where possible, surface mail address and phone numbers for important offices or individuals at the chosen location. 050. Bartman,. Henry. "On beyond E-Mail." MacUser, 8(3) (March 1992): 191-197. {SUL} This article describes an Apple e-mail manager which appears the be very effective, but actually has several fatal flaws. 051. Basch, Reva. "Books Online: Visions, Plans, and Perspectives for Electronic Text." Online 15(4) (July 1991):13- 23. {SDL} This article described how to add electronic books to the list of available network resources, once the network is sufficiently upgraded to handle such material. Issues include how to input such a large text, standardization of format, issues of copyright, and access. 052. Bausenbach, Ardith. "The Library Joins Internet: Move brings LC Clocer to Researchers." Library of Congress Information Bulletin, 49(25) (Dec 17, 1990):440. {SDL} This new report announces the joining of the Library of Congress to the Internet. The implications for research and the development of the NREN are much greater as a result. The author also states that NREN will require public and private co- operation to function. 053. Beazley, William G. "Impact of CALS on Electronic Publishing Systems and Users." Library Trends 38(4) (Spring 1990):799-815. {SDL} In this work, Beazley looks at how Computer Aided Acquisition and Logistic Support (CALS) have effected electronic publishing: Publishers field will see increasing pressure to conform to National Institute for Science and Technology standards for electronic documents. The Department of Defence, and how it is dealing with the new standards, is sighted as an example. 054. Bell, C. Gordon. "Gordon Bell Call for a U.S. Research Network." IEEE Spectrum, 25(2) (Feb 1988):54-7 {SUL} In this article, the author states that the existing networks are too fragmented to improve themselves without government assistance. He goes on to list a multi-stage proposal for creating a single, national network. 055. Bell, C. Gordon. "Steps Toward a National Research Telecommunications Network." Library Hi Tech, 6(1) (Is 21, 1988): 33-6. {SUB} This is simply an update of the NREN project in the political scene: reasons for the latest support, actions being taken, motivation tactics being used, and so on. 056. Bending, Mark W. "Background Information on the Internet." OCLC Micro. 6(2) (April 1990): 36. {NYS} This is a very brief editorial on how the Internet works. Bending compares it to a single, large computer. 057. Benedikt, Michael, ed. Cyberspace: First Steps. Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1991. {CCL} This book is a collection of essays dealing with "Cyberspace." Cyberspace is a nickname given to the merger of computers and reality, but lacks the implications of virtual reality. This book is more of a metaphysical book, but some of the information is still related to the Internet and NREN, and may prove useful. 058. Berger, Charles R. and Steven H. Chaffee. "On Bridging the Communication Gap." Human Communication Research, 15(2) (Winter 1988): 311-318, {SUL} In this article, the authors refer to research in mass versus personal communication. A distinct gap was found between the two, and a they propose finding a way to integrate the two. This is not directly related to the network, since it deals with broadcasting, but many of the theoretical points also apply to computer networking. 059. Betts, Mitch. "Bush Tech policy needs money." Computerworld. 23 (Sept 18, 1989): 121. {RFM} This article comments on President Bush's policy for high technology. While a commendable intent, the plan lacks any money to act on! 060. Betts, Mitch. "Hot technology issues await Congressional action." Computerworld. 24 (Dec 25, 1989):26. {RFM} The year 1989 was one of inaction, even from Congress's point of view. Information science and policy was on of the issues worst hit, and the side-effects of telecommunication de- regulation began to become apparent. 061. Betts, Mitch. "U.S. Competitiveness seen in peril." Computerworld. 24 (Feb 12, 1990):95+ {RFM} This article describes how several slow years in the development of network technology has left the United States computer industry in danger of being overtaken by foreign competitors, especially an Asian cartel. In short, the U.S. needs to move immediately in this area. 062. Bishop, David F. "The White House Conference and the National Research and Education Network: A Timely Partnership." College and Research Libraries News 52(4) (April 1991):233-4. {SDL} The White House Conference on Libraries and Information Science (1991) provided an opportunity for libraries to continue their push for the NREN. Libraries use telecommunications all the time now, and many services often depend on them. 063. Bjork, Steven, et. al. DDN New User Guide. Mail: service@nic.ddn.mil, netinfo, nug.doc. {ITN} This paper looks at the Defence Data Network: Its layout, methods of connecting, services, security measures, billing methods, and so on. This guide is more technical than that of other nets. 064. Bostwick, William E. "HPCC: An overview of the U.S. High Performance Computing and Communication initiative with focus on the National Research and Education Network." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 23(1-3) (1991):37-9. {RFM} This article consists of a brief discussion of the NREN program, and the role of the government agencies involved with it. It also looks at the evolving management structure of the NREN. 065. Boucher, Rick. "The Challenge of Transition: Management of the NREN is a concept that brings complexity with no good models." EDUCOM Review, 27(5) (Sept/Oct 1992):30-35. {SUL} This article comments on the legal legislation of the NREN. NREN, a national network, will have one set of laws and regulations, while local networks will have different laws. There is also some talk about NREN protocol and management. 066. Bowers, Karen, et al. FYI on Where to Start-A Bibliography of Internetworking Information. Networking Group. FTP nic.ddn.mil, rfc, RFC1175.txt. {ITN} This bibliography posts a collection of resources dealing with internetworking, and is designed as a starting point for further research. The list includes books, newsletters, reports, papers, and online RFC (Request for Comments) files, and many of the citations have abstracts or summaries. A small glossary is also included. 067. Brandt, D. Scott. "Neither Fish Now Fowl - The Persisting Elusiveness of Electronic Information." Academic and Library Computing, 9(9) (Oct 1992):16-19. {CCL} In this article, electronic text is described as elusive and easy to lose track of. CWIS and other campus-type systems could make it easier to keep track of. 068. Branscomb, Anne W. "Common Law for the Electronic Frontier." Scientific American 265(3) (September 1991): 154-158. {SUL} This work talks about the legal impact of computer networks. Specifically, copyright, ownership of materials, the privacy of users, and information security. 069. Breivik, Patricia Senn and E. Gordon Gee. Information Literacy: Revolution in the Library. New York: MacMillan, 1989. {RFM} This book described the importance of information awareness, and the ability to both find and use it, in the information age. It also describes how a library can provide such knowledge through bibliographic instruction. 070. Breivik, Patricia Senn, and Ward Shaw. "Libraries Prepare for an Information Age." Educational Record 17(1) (Winter 1989):12-19. {SUL} This article contains an overview of the library transition to the information age. In this new age, the library is effectively brought to the user, and many people (if not all) are information literate. There are also problems of access versus ownership, and integrated ownership of electronic documents. 071. Brett, George H. "Accessing Information on the Internet." Electronic Networking 2(1) (Spring 1992):10-12. {COL} In this article, Brett compares the Internet to a kudzu vine: fast, random, uncontrolled growth. Searching tools should be available, especially for new users, lest they get lost on the network. 072. Brett, George H. "Online Resources: Getting There from here." EDUCOM Review 25(3) (Fall 1990):48-53. {SUL} This article takes a look at Internet resources, how to get them, who will pay for them, how to get access, and who owns them. A brief reading list is included as well. 073. Brindley, Lynne J., ed. The Electronic Campus: An Information Strategy. Proceedings of a Conference Held on 28-30 October 1988 at Banbury [UK]. (Library and Information Research Report, 73). Cambridge, University Press, 1989. This collection of papers looks at how computers and computer networks have changed education. There is also a brief section on the economic impact of computer networks. 074. Britten, William A. "Bitnet and the Internet: Scholarly networks for librarians." College and Research Libraries News. 51 (Feb 1990): 103-107. {SDL} Britten looks at the uses of Bitnet and the Internet by librarians. He sights catalogs, file transfer locations, and network services, all of which can bring information to a librarian as needed. There is also a brief "networkography," or bibliography of networked sources. 075. Broadbent, Kerran P. "New Information-Communication Technologies in Scientific Communication: Implications for Third- World Users." Information Society, 7(3) (1990):203-232. {SDL} This article looks at how to get information to the third world, using electronic dissemination. Technological changes are considered in a social context, and explains how this approach could make the network technology more effective in a science context. 076. Brock, Dee. "Using Technology to Deliver Education." Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science. 16(6) (Aug/Sept 1990): 9-11. {SUB} This article looks at how technology can improve education. The ability to deliver material quickly, and conveniently (over a network) can not be overlooked. The article also looks at television, video, and other technologies as potential ways to improve the United States Education system. 077. Brooks, Barbara Lincoln. WAIS Bibliography. Menlo Park, California: Thinking Machines Corporation, October 26, 1992. FTP quake.think.com, pub/wais/was-discussion, bibliography.txt. {ITN} This file is a bibliography of sources dealing with WAIS (Wide Area Information Systems). It includes such things as instruction documents, commentaries, and technical reports. 078. Brown, Allison. "Whither Regional Networks?" Electronic Networking, 2(3) (Fall 1992):5-6. {COL} Commercial networks tend to expand very rapidly and in many different ways, while regional (local) networks are less likely to do so. Currently, many local networks do not see the Internet as a door to wide area service. This attitude should change, and allow the NREN to cover all sections of the economy. 079. Brown, Heather. "Standards for Structured Documents." The Computer Journal, 32(6) (1989): 505-514. {SUL} In this article, Brown advocates using many of the standard formats for electronic documents. She also describes ODA (Office of Document Architecture), SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language), other standards for electronic documents. 080. Brownrigg, Edwin B. "The Internet as an External Economy: The Emergence of the Invisible Hand." Library Administration and Management. 5(2) (Spring 1991):95-97. {SDL} Brownrigg points out that even though the NREN technically died in the 101st Congress, the Internet persists. In fact, continued investment in the Internet is turning the network into an economic resource. 081. Brownstein, Charles. "U.S. National Research and Education Network." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 19(3-5) (November 1990): 323-5 {SUL} This article is a very brief, graphical overview of the NREN, including the different gateways and how the major protocols interact with one another. 082. Brunell, David H. "Internetworking Services and the Electronic Library." Journal of Library Administration, 15(3/4) (1991):21-36. {SDL} The article looks at the advantages of connecting networks. Once users are aware of the services available over the different networks, they will use it more frequently. Brunell looks, briefly, at CWIS expert systems, wide area networks, and virtual libraries. 083. Buckland, MIchael K. and Clifford A. Lynch. "The Linked Systems Protocol and the Future of Bibliographic Networks and Systems." Information Technology and Libraries. 6(2) (June 1987):83-88. {SDL} This earlier article examines the development of the Z39.50 network protocol. It explains how this protocol will allow for a "national database," useable by both librarians and patrons. 084. Bulick, Stepher. "Future Prospects for network-based multimedia information retrieval." The Electronic Library. 8(2) (April 1990):88-99. {SDL} At this writing, there was no multi-media services on the Internet (even now there are very few). To do this, greater bandwidth and more accessible hardware is needed. Bulick ends the article with suggestions for eventually searching and storing multi-media material on the network. 085. Bull, Glen, et. al. "The Electronic Academical Village." Journal of Teacher Education. 40(4) (July-Aug 1989):27-31. {SUL} This article describes how electronic mail could be the way to create an "academic village," as envisioned by Thomas Jefferson. The Curry School at the University of Virginia is shown as an example. Systems of this type could greatly enhance both primary and secondary education. 086. Burgess, John. "An Upgrading Set for Data 'Superhighway.'" Washington Post, (June 13, 1990): Sec 1 p A20. {SDL:LEXIS} The news release announces that the NREN will use fiber- optics, and describes what it will be capable of once these lines are in place. 087. Burton, Jim, Jose Newport, and Everard Robinson. 'OPAC's and JANET" a simple technique for easy user access." Program, 23(3) (July 1989):257-268. {SDL} This article explains how accessing OPACs has recently become easier on JANET, due too new software and better protocol systems. A sample search is included. (The U.S. should consider a similar action for the NREN.) 088. Butler, Brett. "The Electronic Library Program: Developing Networked Electronic Library Collections." Library Hi Tech, 9(2) (Is 34, 1991):21-30. {SUB} This article describes the Memex Research Institute (named for Vannevar Busch), which studies how indexes and images can be made available online system. Such a system could prove vital in the creation of electronic libraries. 089. Buxton, Andrew. "JANET and the Librarian." The Electronic Library, 6(4) (Aug 1988):250-263. {SDL} This article is a summary of the services available on JANET. It also provided information about membership, structure, and management of the network. 090. Cannata, Arleen. "An International Traveler's E-Mail Survival Kit." Computers in Libraries, 11(6) (June 1991):38-9. {SDL} This brief work includes a list of hardware and access tips that would allow a traveller to access the network wherever they go. 091. Capon, I. N. The Uses of Computer Networking. Adelaide, South Australia, University of Adelaide, 1991. FTP infolib.murdoch.edu.an, pub/gde/netser, usenetworks.gde. {ITN} This file is an overview of the concept of networking, and its potential importance. There is a textual description of the major network services and features, and some talk of network ethics and protocol issues. 092. Cargill, Jennifer and Diane J. Graves, eds. Advances in Library Resource Sharing, Vol 1. Westport: Meckler, 1990. {SDL} This is a collection of papers dealing with different aspects of library resource sharing. One of the sections is devoted to network sharing, while others deal with CWIS and copyright issues. 093. Cargille, C. Allan, et. al. "The Internet X.400 Pilot Project." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 23(1-3) (991):97- 100. {RFM} This article is an overview of the X.400 protocol, an experiment at the University of Wisconsin. An experimental version of the program is currently available, and private leadership for the integration of the X.400 across the internet is being arranged. 094. Carnevale, Mary Lu. "Biggest U.S. Computer Research Network Set Up High-Speed Data Link to Europe." The Wall Street Journal, (16 March 1990): P B4 col 1. {SUL} This is a news release announcing the construction of an "information bridge" between the North American Internet and the European Euro-net and JANET. IBM and MCI will assist in the construction of the link, which will probably use satellite technology. 095. Casorso, Tracy M. "The North Carolina State University Libraries and the National Agricultural Library Joint Project on Transmission of Digitized Text: Improving Access to Agricultural Information." Reference Services Review, 19(1) (Spring 1991):125- 22. {SDL} This article talks about a project between the National Agricultural Library and NC State, designed to create a delivers system for agricultural resources, to be run over the Internet. There are also sections on system compatibility, digitization versus fax communication, and overcoming dissimilar computer systems. 096. Cerf, Vinton G. "Networks." Scientific American. 265(3) (Sept 1991):72-81. {SUL} Cerf explains how the ever increasing exchange of different kinds of information requires a larger, more efficient network. Some suggestions for how this can be achieved are put forth. 097. Cerf, Vinton G. Thoughts on the National Research and Education Network. Network Working Group, Request for Comments, number 1167. FTP: Nic.ddn.mil, rfc, rfc1167.txt. {ITN} This file outlines and publicizes some of the major arguments for building the NREN. Throughout the work, the Internet is assumed to be a predecessor to the NREN. 098. Chapin, A. Lyman. "The Internet Architecture Board and the Future of the Internet." EDUCOM Review 27(5) (Sept/Oct 1992):42- 5. {SUL} This article starts with the origin of the Internet as a four node experiment. It then describes the actions of the Internet Architecture Board, the Internet research task force, the RFC document series, standards, and the future of the Architecture Board. 099. Chew, John J. Inter-Network Mail Guide. Version 1.25, 1992. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/gde/netser, internet.mail.gde. Email: listserv@unmnv, get network guide. {ITN} This file describes how to send mail from one network to another, with directions on how to use the different protocols. Several networks are identified, mostly national. 100. Ciolek, Matthew T. Electric Voyager Guidebook: Social Scientists' electronic voyager guidebook to AARNet/Internet online information services. Canberra, Coombs Computing Unit, ANU, 1992. FTP: infolib.murdoch,edu.au, pub/dir/netinfo, voyager.list. {ITN} This file consists of a directory of electronic archives, bulletin boards, Campus Information Systems (CWIS), databases, electronic periodicals, research centers, and WAIS servers on AARnet and Internet. In each case, directions for access are provided. There is also a brief description of file service utilities (Archie, etc.). 101. Cisler, Steve. "The Library Community and the National Research and Education Network." Wilson Library Bulletin, 64(10) (June 1990): 51-55. {SDL} In this article, Cisler points out two levels of technology: the electronic "superhighway" of the Internet, and the proverbial peasant in the field working with a plow. Because of this inequality, the library community must get involved with the NREN, because many users need help. In fact, libraries are necessary to fulfill the purpose of the NREN. 102. Cisler, Steve. "NREN: The National Research And Education Network." LITA Newsletter 11(2) (Is 40, Spring 1990). {NYS} This article consists of a brief description of the NREN, but it also deals with the concern of the publishing community, and the general concern of who will run the network. A brief reference to future discussions is also made. 103. Cisler, Steve. "NREN Update: More Meetings and New Tools." Database, 14(4) (Aug 1991):96-98. {SDL} This article talks about several recent meetings dealing with the NREN, some government, and some private. Cisler also briefly talks about some new utilities that had just become available (at the time the article was written). These new features included multi-session Telnet, several new file transfer sights, and some new mailservers. 104. Clark, Tim, ed. Hints for Getting Mail Through various Gateways to and from Janet. University of Warwick, UK, 23 March 1990. {ITN} This file describes the mail protocols used on JANET. It includes tips on how to use them, how to send and receive files through them, and how to communicate with other networks. 105. Clausen, Helge. "Electronic mail as a tool for the information professional." The Electronic Library, 9(2) (April 1991):73-84. {SDL} Of all the network services available, electronic mail is still one of the best, and it is seeing increasing use. One can send mail to one person or to a group, send queries to a database, or use it as a personal information tool. 106. Clinefelter, Ruth W. and Jack E. Hibbs. "The Neglected Information Specialist." Academe, 75(4) (July-Aug 1989):26-30. {SUL} This rather gloomy article illustrates the income statistics of Information Specialists and Academic Librarians. Considering the work they must do, they are clearly a neglected group. 107. Clinton, Bill. "A Technology Policy for America: Six Broad Initiatives." Effector OnLine, 3(8) (Nov 4, 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, pub/EFF/newsletters, effector3.07. {ITN} In this announcement, President Clinton outlines his plans to re-vitalize technology in the United States. The NREN is among his plans. 108. Coalition for Networked Information. Meeting of the Task Force: Summary Report. April 1, 1992. FTP: ftp.cni.org, /CNI/ft.meetings/1992a.spring/txt/, sum.rep.txt. {ITN} This file contains a summary of the CNI Task Force meeting of April 1, 1992. Included are a list of panelists, library and information professionals present, the NREN policy framework, public information about the meeting, and further information about the CNI and other important topics. 109. Collier, Mel, ed. Telecommunications for Information Management and Transfer: Proceedings of the First International Conference Held at Leicester Polytechnic, April 1987. Aldershot, England: 1988. {SUB} This collection of conference papers all deal with some aspect of computer networking and libraries. Collectively, they are an excellent overview of the implications of the Internet (and similar networks) on the library community. 110. Colorado State University. Glossary of Networking Terms. Boulder, Colorado. FTP: csupwb.colostate.edu, general.info, glossary.network. {ITN} This is a glossary of networking terms. It is rather technical in approach, but most users can understand it without any trouble. 111. Comer, Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP/IP. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentics HAll, 1991, 2nd edition. {CAM} This three volume set deals with the TCP/IP mainframe network protocol program. There is a length discussion of network programming, communication standards, and required hardware. TCP/IP, or a variation of it, is expected to be on of the primary protocols for the NREN. 112. "Computer-based Information Services in Universities." British Journal of Academic Librarianship. 5(1) (1990):1-30. {NYS} This article looks at how libraries in the United Kingdom are working toward a unified network. Commentaries on several issues are present, such as the use of electronic mail, databases, and the integration of multi-media. Recommendations on other issues (that must be addressed in the future) are also present, namely the integration of CD-ROMS into the network, and facilitating the use of the network for administrators. A sample questionnaire for a survey is included. 113. Computer Systems Policy Project. Expanding the Vision of High Performance Computing and Communications: Linking America for the Future. Washington, D.C.: 3 December 1992. FTP: ftp.apple.com, alug/networks, cspp.txt. {ITN} This file looks at the United State's government's High Performance Computing Project, with special emphasis on services to medical centers, education, senior citizens, households, and differently able individuals. There is also a section on database access and structure. 114. Condon, Christopher. Bitnet Userhelp. October 1990. Email: listserv@marist, get bitnet userhelp. {ITN} This file contains a list of services, file servers, network gateways, and communication tools for Bitnet users. 115.Connors, Martin, ed. Computers and Computing Information Resources Directory. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1987. {SDL} This is a length directory of organizations, shows, convention schedules and professional groups, in the computer science field. It is extensively indexed. 116. Conrad, Deal L. "Securing TCP/IP and Dial-Up Access to Administrative Data." Cause/EFFECT, 15(2) (Summer 1992):13-19. {COL} This article describes a system being used at the State University of Arizona, that secures a network session by user authentication. The system can't be opened from outside, so good security is provided. 117. Cook, D. E. Reference Sources on the Internet. Hamilton, Ontario, Mills Memorial Library. Email: Comserve@rpitsvm; send compunet biblio. {ITN} This source contains a list of library reference sources available through some facet of the internet such as WAIS, gopher, Archie, Veronica, and so on. For each entry, there are directions on how to access the work, and how to retrieve information once it is in use. 118. Cooper, Robert. "The JANET Internet." Computer Bulletin 4(2) (June 1988):10-11. {RFM} This short article is a brief history and analysis of the United Kingdom's JANET (Joint Network Executive Team). 119. Cooper, Robert, James F. Hufton and Ian L. Smith. "From JANET to SuperJANET." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 21(4) (1991):347-51. {RFM} This article talks about a current project to upgrade the JANET network. The upgraded network, nicknamed "SuperJANET," or JANET Mk II, will support users in all fields with multi-media capability, as opposed to the "hard science" nature that is currently in place. 120. Corbin, Roberta A. "The Development of the National Research and Education Network." Information Technology and Libraries 10(3) (Sept 1991):212-220. {SDL} This article traces the development of the NREN from 1969 with ARPNET to today's Internet and BITNET. It also explains that the technology for the NREN must be phased in, if only because users must be gradually prepared for it. 121. Cortese, Amy. "Internet Propels U.S. Research." Computerworld. 23(33) (Aug 14, 1989):105. {RFM} This brief article explains how the network has become a major research tool, by promoting long-distance interaction with physically distant researchers. 122. Cronin, Blaise. "Invisible Colleges and Information Transfer: A review and Commentary with Particular Reference to the Social Sciences." Journal of Documentation 38(3) (Sept 1982): 212-236. {SDL} This article looks at the "Invisible Colleges" of the social sciences. Several points are raised, including how computer networks could make such groups larger and tighter. 123. Crowcroft, J. and R. Bradshaw. "TCP/IP Internet protocols and JANET." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 23(1-3) (1991):177-184. {RFM} This article describes and compares the various JANET protocols (NFS, X-Windows, Sun Remote Procedure Call, and others) to the Internet's TCP/IP. How the various systems interact is also discussed. 124. Crowley, Mary L. "Organizing for Electronic Messaging in the Schools." The Computing Teacher, 15(7) (April 1989):23-26. {SUL} In this article, Crowley talks about how searching for information on the network can be a great motivation for learning. Other topics include privacy, social issues, the effect of networking on teachers and students, and the cost of equipment, all from an educational perspective. 125. Czajkowski, Alex, and Sara Kiesler. "Computer-Mediated Communication, or, the next best thing to begin there." National Forum, 64(3) (Summer 1984):31-34. {SUL} This article describes how computer-mediated communication systems, such as electronic mail, increase the data flow, but decrease social interaction. It also looks at how people think and communicate, as a result of electronic mail. Nonetheless, a rise in productivity is predicted for those locations using electronic mail. 126. Dalton, Marian L. "Does Anybody Have A Map? Accessing Information in the Internet's Virtual Library." Electronic Networking, 1(1) (Fall 1991):31-9. {COL} Libraries and information centers frequently join the Internet, bringing with them their own information resources. Finding these resources can be difficult, however. It is a simple matter of knowing what is available. 127. Daly, James, Ed. Workshop on Electronic Texts Proceedings, 9-10 June 1992. Washington D.C: Library of Congress, 1992. FTP seq1.loc.gov, pub/Library.of.Congress/research.guides, Etext.workshop; FTP mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu, gutenberg/etext93, locet.txt. {ITN} This work is an overview of a workshop on the use of electronic text. Issues include dissemination options via networks, capture and storage, preparation standards, and who will use such material and how. Some examples are given. 128. Davis, Eric. "Cyberlibraries." Lingua Franca (Feb/March 1992): 46-51. {COL} Libraries are changing because of electronic text, which they must make available. At the same time, library schools are either changing or closing down. This could become the springboard for a new technology. Davis continues with a number of questions asking how libraries will deal with this new order in information technology. 129. December, John. Information Sources: The Internet and Computer-Mediated Communication. Release 2.00, 19 Jan 1993. FTP host: ftp.rpi.edu; file: pub/communications/interned-cmc. {ITN} This file contains lists and directories for important and commonly used resources available on the internet. There is a list of FTP sights for various documents and information directories and services, and lists of file servers, discussion lists, newsletters, and societies. There are simple instructions of how to access many of them, and there is also a list of bibliographies and references for further reading and research. The various sections are arranged by topic and media. 130. DeGennaro, Richard. Libraries, Technology, and the Information Marketplace. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1987. {HSG} This anthology looks at library technology in the future. Several of the papers deal with (what was then) emerging technology and automation techniques, and how it would effect libraries. Some economic issues are brought up as well. 131. Delfino, Eric. "E-Mail Connections: it's still a jungle out there... but it's getting better." Online 14 (5 Sept 1990): 31- 35. {SDL} This article describes the confusion that can result from using a variety of email protocols, which is necessary to communicate between different networks. The situation is improving, however. 132. Delfino, Erik. "Federal Library and Information Center Committee." Online 16(3) (May 1992):90-92, {SDL} This brief work, from the column "PC Monitor," addresses several issues of interest to PC users. Delfino believes that personal computers with dial-up access may help accelerate the construction of the NREN. 133. Dempsey, Lorcan. Libraries, Networks, and OSI: A Review with a Report on North American Developments. Westport, CN: Meckler, 1992 ed. {CCL} This book is basically a series of commentaries on several aspects of library networks. The major topics include communication protocols, library applications on the networks, the Linked Systems Project, inter-library loan, document searching and retrieval, research networks, local networks, and resource sharing. 134. Denton, Barbara. "E-Mail Delivery of Search Results via the Internet." Online, 16(2) (March 1991):50-53. {SDL} This article described how to receive search results from a commercial vendor, like Dialog, as electronic mail over the Internet. The procedure is tricky, but the reduction in connect time can be very economical. 135. Dern, Daniel P. "Applying the Internet." Byte, 17(2) (February 1992):111-115. {SDL:LEXIS} In this article, Dern explains that outside of the network community, very few people use the Internet, preferring to remain with technologies they are familiar with. This is unfortunate, because it is useful versatile, and inexpensive. 136. Dern, Daniel P. "Internet Running Out of IP Address Space? (Yes, No, and Maybe)." Internet World, 3(7) (September 1992): 13-15. {COL} This article describes how the Internet could be running out of user space, what with the number of users doubling each year. Simply put the routing tables for mail and file transfer are getting too large to use. Some possible solutions are summarized. 137. Dern, Daniel P. "Interview with Dan Lynch, President and Founder, INTEROP." Internet World, 3(8):14-16. {COL} This article is an interview with Dan Lynch, president of INTEROP. He advocates a reduction of commercialization and protocol fights on the internet: just communicate! Eventually, a central operation collective (global) should be installed. 138. Dern, Daniel P. "Plugging into the Internet." Byte, 17(10) (Oct 1992):149-152+ {SUL} This article looks at connecting to the Internet. In most cases the user must find and dial up a TCP/IP server. Choosing a provider can take a while, especially if fees are charged. 139. Dern, Daniel P. "Provider Spotlight: PANIX: Bringing the Internet to the Big Apple." Internet World, 3(9) (Summer 1990, November/December 1992): 8-11. {COL} This article looks at PANIX, the New York City public access gateway. It was recently upgraded and can support most network services now. The reactions of users regarding accessibility is included. An interview with Alexis Rosen, president of the company that owns PANIX, talks about the recent changes. 140. Dertouzos, Michael J. "Building the Information Marketplace." Technology Review, 94(1) (January 1991):29-40. {SUL} The author of this article maintains that most computers are still isolated machines ("stand-alone"). An infrastructure for information exchange would improve all exchanges, but at present the technologies are incompatible. Furthermore, the existing communication lines are inadequate the handle the NREN. 141. Dertouzos, Michael L. "Communications, computers and Networks." Scientific American. 265(3) (Sept 1991):62-9. {SUL} This article explains how information will be the new "currency" for the coming information age. This is used to illustrate the need for a national network such as NREN. 142. De Sola Pool, Ithiel. "The Culture of Electronic Print." Daedalus, 111(4) (Fall 1982):17-31. {HSG} This earlier paper looks at some of the issues of electronic text. The First Amendment is likely to be upheld, but there will be a revenue loss for cable television vendors and printers. Paper itself will live, copyright will be a big issue, if only because of its practical, convenient nature, and the fact that electronic documents can be inadvertently modified in transit. 143. Deutsch, Peter. "Resource Discovery in an Internet Approach - The Archie Approach." Electronic Networking 2(1) (Spring 1992):45-51. {COL} New material appears on the network daily, and because of this rapid turnover the new information can be difficult to find. In this article, Archie is described as a tool for locating new information. 144. Deutsch, Peter. Resource Discovery in an Internet Environment. McGill University, Masters Thesis, 1992. FTP: archives.cc.mcgill.ca, /pub/peterd/thesis, thesis.june30.txt. {ITN} In this work, Deutsch looks at the resource locations and discovery systems for multi-users systems on the Internet. He also compares user and provider issues. He finally looks at retrieval via the different Internet services. 145. Dillon, Martin, ed. Interfaces for Information Retrieval and Online Systems. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1991. {NYS} This is a collection of essays from various types of library professionals, talking about many different aspects of library automation. Many of the essays deal with user-interface technology, the development of which will have a profound effect on the NREN. 146. Directory of Online Databases. New York: Cuadra/Elseiver, updated quarterly. {SDL} This common reference source contains a list of available online databases, listing the connection fees, update rates, contents, and nature (Full text versus index/abstract, for example). Several indexes are provided with the work. It is an expensive guide, but a very useful one. 147. Dodd, Sue A. Bibliographic References for Computer Files in the Social Sciences: A Discussion Paper. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, May 1990. Email: comserve@rpiecs, send compfile bibref. {ITN} This file contains some of the best way to cite electronic publications. Several methods are discussed. 148. Doty, Philip, Ann Peterson Bishop, and Charles R. McClure. "The National Research and Education Network (NREN): An Empirical Study of Social and Behavioral Issues." In ASIS'90: Proceedings of the 53rd ASIS Meeting, Toronto, Ontario, November 4-8, 1990. V27, 1990. Medford, N.J: American Society for Information Science, 1990. {SDL} This paper describes part of a study conducted by scientists and engineers, to make recommendations for the NREN. The essay describes the methodology, which is part empirical, and part policy analysis. The study stresses the importance of user-based policy and social issues, but not the policy makers. 149. Dougherty, Richard M. "An ideal win-win situation: the national electronic highway." American Libraries. 22(2) (Feb 1991):182. {SDL} The NREN will benefit the people who use it, to be certain. It will also benefit the library profession, who can expect greater respect and perhaps even better pay. 150. Dougherty, Richard M. "Pathways to Our Future." School Library Journal, 37(43) (Feb 1991). {SUB} `This work looks at the possibilities for education, using the NREN. The network promises greater information resources, even for far removed locations. 151. Dougherty, Richard M. "Research Library Networks: Leveraging the Benefits." Academe 75(4) (July-Aug 1989):22-25. {SUL} Traditional library services are becoming more and more expensive. As a result, alternatives like networks and other forms of resource sharing, will eventually be required. 152. Drummond, Louis. "Going Beyond Online." Online 14(5) (September 1990):6-8. {SDL} This article is a commentary on the concept of "online." Drummond believes that the term refers to more than just commercial electronic information vendors, and now includes any of the resources and services available through the Internet. 153. Duderstadt, James J. "An Information Highway to the Future." EDUCOM Review, 27(5) (Sept/Oct, 1992): 36-41. {SUL} This article described the current shift from an industrial economy to an information economy. The NREN would be an excellent way to harness brainpower, but there are social implications to consider. Duderstadt draws some historical parallels to the current transition in the economy. 154. Duggan, Mary Kay. "Copyright of Electronic Information: Issues and Questions." Online, 15(3) (May 1991): 20-26, {SDL} This article raises several questions about copyright in an electronic environment, such as how it can effect research. Duggan advocates extending the Fair Use clause to include electronic text. 155. Dunlop, Charles and Rob Kling, eds. Computerization and Controversy: Value Conflicts and Social Choices. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1991. {NYS} This work is a collection of papers dealing with social issues related to computers. Such issues include invasion of privacy, social interaction, security, and others. 156. Dunn, Ronald G. "The Path of Information technology: is it paved with good intentions?" Information Services & Use 11(4) (1991):225-235. {SDL} This article talks about the recession of the late 1980's delayed the growth of information technology. There is also a section on electronic publishing, which describes the practice and cost-effective and expected to grow. Finally, it looks at the human view of information technology, and the effect it can have. 157. Dyson, Esther. In-Depth Article on Commercial Systems and Protocols, Featuring WAIS. New York: Edventure Holdings, release 1.0. FTP: quake.think.com, pub/wais/wais-discussion, issue- 8.text. {ITN} This is a long, detailed look at network protocols and utilities, with a special emphasis on WAIS. Most of the material is view for a commercial standpoint. 158. Ebbighouse, Carol. "Legislative Update - The Demise of NREN Legislation for 1990." Research and Education Networking, 1(2) (Nov/Dec 1990):2-3. {COL} This news brief describes the congressional defeat of the NREN 1990 legislation. Comments from a few individuals is included. 159. Edmunds, Robert A. The Prentice-Hall Standard Glossary of Computer Terminology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1985. {CAM} This full length glossary is very comprehensive and informative. Sadly, it is also dated. 160. Eldred, Susan M. and Michael J. McGill. "Commercialization of the Internet/NREN: Introduction." Electronic Networking, 2(3) (Fall 1992): 2-4. {COL} This article looks at how businesses are the fastest growing set of users on the Internet. Commercial access to the Internet is now seen as essential, but it is currently very complex. 161. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Analysis of the FBI Proposal Regarding Digital Telephony. Cambridge, [Sept 1992]. FTP: ftp.eff.org, pub/eff/legal-issues, eff-fbi-analysis. {FBI} The FBI act, indented to secure wiretapping, actually required all systems to be able to read personal messages. This raises some major concerns about privacy and security. 162. Electronic Frontier Foundation. "Report to the Net: the State of the EFF Open Platform Initiative." Effector OnLine, 2(6) (March 31, 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, /pub/eff/newsletters, effector2.06. {ITN} This article is a call for co-operation of the commercial, government, and private groups, to install ISDN lines, as a step toward the NREN. What's more, they should work together instead of arguing over control. 163. Engle, Genevive. "User Instruction for Access to Catalogs and Databases on the Internet." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 13(3/4) (1991):141-156. {SDL} This article admits that the Internet is useful, but: getting on can be difficult, getting around is very difficult, and knowing the correct commands is almost impossible without a manual. This issues should be addressed through bibliographic instruction. 164. Engle, Mary E. "Electronic Paths to Resource Sharing: Widening Opportunities Through the Internet." Reference Services Review, 19(4) (Winter 1991):7-12. {SDL} In this article, Engle calls the Internet a "moment in history." She looks at the usefulness of some Internet utilities, measures the impact of the network, and looks at problems of remote access. There is a brief section on how to find directions for using the network. 165. Engle, Mary E. "Library Systems on the Internet." DLA Bulletin, 9(2) (Fall 1990):1-4. {COL} Libraries in the United State have always performed a certain amount of resource sharing. With the increasing pool of knowledge, and the arrival of electronic information, the sharing of resources through electronic technology will be required. 166. Erikson, Thomas and Gitta Salomon. "Designing a Desktop Information System: Observations and Issues." In Reaching Through Technology: CHI '91 Conference Proceedings, ed Scott P. Robertson, Gary M. Olson, and Judith S. Olson, p 49-54. This work calls for reducing the distance between microcomputers and the remote online services being accessed. A desktop information system should have easy transfer between systems. Users want utilities that will tell them where and how to search for things, and such a system should be easy to use! DowQuest, by Dow Jones, is an attempt at this. 167. Eschallier, P. List of Publicly Accessible UNIX sites. 28 Jan 1993. FTP: hydra.uwo.ca, libsoft, Public_UNIX.TXT. {ITN} This file contains a list of the UNIX sights accessible over the Internet, both pay and free, with a list of the services available at each. 168. Estrada, Susan. "Commercialization and the Commercial Internet Exchange: How the CIX Can Help Further the Commercialization of the Internet." Electronic Networking 2(3) (Fall 1992):24-28. {COL} The Commercial Exchange Association (CIX) is pursuing several ideas to assist the transition to a commercial Internet. The success of such a project requires open talk about several networking issues, however. 169. Evans, Anita K. "Electronic Reference Services: Mediation for the 1990s." The Reference Librarian 17(37) (1992):75-86. {SDL} This piece looks at how electronic resources have changed in the last fifteen years. There is a brief look at the reference services like private networks, network services, OPACs, and CD- ROMs, to illustrate the point. 170. Federal Library and Information Center Committee. Proceedings of FLICC Forums on Federal Information Policies: Combined Summaries of Proceedings. [Washington, D.C]: FLICC, Library of Congress, 1992. SuDoc: LC 1.47:900-91. {SUL} These are the proceedings of two conferences, both dealing with information networks. The anthology contains several papers ranging from legal issues, to government information, to future implications of a national network. 171. Farley, Laine, ed. Library resources on the Internet: Strategies for Selection and Use. American Library Association, Reference and Adult Service Division Occasional Paper #12, August 1991. FTP: oswego.oswego.edu, /pub/library, libcat-guide. {ITN} This file described how to get started on the Internet, and then lists sources for identifying library material. Some technical tips are provided, a description of the power of OPACs, and advantages of CWIS systems, and the versatility of network services. 172. Feeney, Mary and Merry Karen, eds. Information Technology and the Research Process: Proceedings of a Conference Held at Cranfield Institute of Technology, UK, 18-21 July 1989. London: Bowker-Saur, British Library Research, 1990. {SDL} These conference proceedings talk about the effects of networks on all aspects research: analysis, information exchange, and publishing. 173. Fenly, Judith G. and Beacher Wiggins, eds. The Linked Systems Project: A Networking Tool for Librarians. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 1988. {CAM} This is a collection of papers dealing with the "Linked Systems Project," a network of several United States libraries, linked together for resource sharing. An overview is provided, along with the communication protocols used, record transfer and retrieval methods, and cataloging. 174. Fernbach, Sidney. "A U.S. High-Performance Computing Program." The International Journal of Supercomputing Applications. 4(1) (Spring 1990):3-5. {RFM} Politicians, like Al Gore, have been pushing for a high- performance computing program for some time, and are worried that the United States is behind Japan in this endeavor (Japan is well along in developing an ISDN program). Software differences may be the problem in the United States. 175. Finnigan, Georgia. "Document Delivery Gets Personal." Online, 16(3) (May 1992):106-111. {SDL} This work includes tips on how to order documents via electronic mail and commercial vendors. The process is generally faster and easier than conventional inter-library loan. 176. Fisher, Sharon. "Whither NREN?" Byte, 16(7) (July 1991): 181-189. {SUL} In this article, Fisher asks some common, lingering questions about the NREN: who will provide it, who will control it, will it be free or commercial, and what will the access policy be. Fisher argues for government control of the NREN, despite the general distrust people have of it. 177. Flanders, Bruce. "NREN: The big issues aren't technical." American Libraries 22(6) (June 1991):572-574. {SDL} In this article, Flanders states that the main issues that are slowing down the development of the NREN have to do with copyright, access clearance, and funding, as opposed to technology. The library profession must get involved to resolve these issues. 178. Flanders, Bruce. "The WELL: Discourse in the Electronic Village." Computers in Libraries, 11(5) (May 1991):26-28. {SDL} This article describes the Whole Earth 'lectric Link, or WELL, an international network service with several mail and file transfer features. Instructions for accessing the service are provided. 179. Freeman, Linton C. "The Impact of Computer Based Communication of the Social Structure of an Emerging Scientific Specialty." Social Networks 6(3) (September 1984):201-221. {SUL} This older article predicted that electronic mail would become the primary method for creating a network of specialists. The resulting statistics of a study into this possibility are provided, taking into account the lack of face to face communication. 180. Frey, Connalyn and Rick Adams. !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly and Associates, 1990. {CCL} This book is an international guide to the different computer networks, and the addressing systems they use. Maps, charts, and lists of computer domains are provided. 181. Gardner, William. "The Electronic Archive: Scientific Publishing for the 1990s." Psychological Science. 1(6) (November 1990):333-341. {COL} This article advocates a national electronic archive for psychologists, as a type of research center. This archive could be a database or a hypertext system. Either way it is more versatile than print. Even multi-media has been suggested. 182. Garramone, Gina M., Allen C. Harris, Gary Pizante. "Predictors of Motivation to Use Computer-Mediated Political Communications Systems." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 30(4) (Fall 1986): 445-457. {SUL} This article is a study into the use of political bulletin boards. Many users see political bulletin boards as a release from political constraints and the one-way media system, as a perfect reason to join bulletin boards of this type. 183. Garramone, Gina M., Allen C. Harris, Ronald Anderson. "Uses of Political Computer Bulletin Boards. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 30(3) (Summer 1986): 325-339, {SUL} This article is a study of the use of political bulletin boards. Most of these boards are used by politicians and their staffs, but many general users use them as well, often out of curiosity. Others watch them as a means of surveillance, personal identity (in a largely inhuman political environment), and for diversion motives. 184. Geiger, Karl. "A New Gateway [Letter to the Editor]." Datamation, 34(19) (October 1, 1988):4 {SUL} This brief note corrects some of the errors in Brad Schulty's ARPNET article (q.v), especially regarding Bitnet. 185. Geller, Henry. Fiber Optics: An Opportunity for a New Policy? Washington: The Annenberg Washington Program in Communications Policy, 1991. This work is an overview of how fiber-optics will change communication systems in the United States. Most of the information is devoted to television, but some network-related issues are raised as well. The book contains several useful graphs and a bibliography. 186. Geraci, Diana, Linda Langschiled. "Mainstreaming Data: Challenges to Librarians." Information Technology and Libraries, 11(1) (March 1991):107-8. {SDL} This article looks at what constitutes data, and tries to identify the problems of each. The authors found that social data, scientific data, and humanities data are all very different. The quantity of such data is expanding daily. In light of this, how will librarians continue to provide and be informative? 187. Gerich, Elise. "Expanding the Internet to a Global Environment but ... how to get connected?" Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 23(1-3) (1991):177-84. {RFM} This article talks about how the Internet is gradually becoming global in scope, but the problem remains about how to get connected. The provisions of the National Science Foundation for getting on the Internet are discussed. 188. Getz, Malcom. "National Research and Education Network." The Bottom Line, 3(4) (1989):32-5. {COL} This article looks at the overall expectations of the NREN. It will help scholars, the public sector, and business, but government support will be needed. Local networks are certainly the best for local information, but may be the answer to other problems as well: Governance, pricing, management and financing. Subsidy from private firms may have advantages, but it could create disadvantages as well (local monopolies). 189. Giguere, Mariene. "An Introduction to Services Accessible on the Internet." Education Libraries 16(2) (Summer 1992):5-9. {SDL} This article explains how the Internet can help librarians, especially those under budget restrictions. A brief history of the network is provided, along with education-oriented services for librarians. 190. Gilder, George. "Into the Telecosm." Harvard Business Review (March-April 1991):151-161. {SUL} The technology of the network is, basically, inadequate, and can't handle the workload it currently has. Communication bottlenecks are quite common. When these problems are corrected, however, the network will enhance people's research and their brains. Television, on the other hand, enhances people's libido. 191. Godwin, Mike. "The CompuServe Case: A Step Forward in First Amendment Protection for Online Services." Effector OnLine, 2(3) (Jan 7 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, /pub/eff/newsletters, effector2.03. {ITN} This is a discussion of the so-named CompuServe case. CompuServe was found to be like a library, with no discernable control over its' contents or its' patrons. 192. Goldstein, Cecil and Ron Heard. Getting the Most of AARNet. Produced for AARNet by Computing Services, QUT, Brisbane, 1992. FTP: aarnet.edu.au, pub/user-guide, aarnet_vms_user_guide_vms_v1.txt (Vax version) {ITN} This file is an overview of AARNet, the Australian network similar to the Internet. The file addresses services, etiquette, operations, and even contains a small glossary. The file is available in several formats for different operating systems. 193. Goode, Joanne, and Maggie Johnson. "Putting out the flames: the etiquette and law of e-mail." Online 15 (November 6, 1991): 61-65. {SDL} This article addresses the controversy of email etiquette, or "acceptable behavior" online. It also talks about email privacy, the permanence of email messages, and ownership of email messages. 194. Gore, Al, Jr. "The Digitization of Shools." Business Week (Oct 3, 1990, #3191):28ed - ed30. {SUL} In this article, Gore speaks about how the network can enhance education, especially in light of the Freedom of information act and the cost of Fiber-Optics. 195. Gore, Al, Jr. "Infrastructure for the Global Village." Scientific American, 265(3) (September 1991):150-153. {SUL} This brief article explains how a national network will require government investment for construction. Gore also expresses some concern over the international standing of the United States in network technology. 196. Gore, Al, Jr. "Networking the Future." Washington Post, (July 15, 1990):Outlook, p 83, Outposts. {SDL:LEXIS} In this brief article, Gore compares the NREN to a railroad or highway: the current economy needs it. 197. Gore, Al. "Remarks on the NREN." EDUCOM Review, 25(2) (Summer 1990):12-16. {SUL} In this article, Gore talks about the warming views of the public with regards to the NREN. He acknowledges that the network is useable by everybody, but education and scholarship should still be the main focus. As a result, he asks educators to speak out on behalf of the NREN. 198. Gosling, Jane. SWALCAP: a Guide for Librarians and System Managers. Aldershot, England: Gower Publishing Limited, 1987. {SDL} This books talks about SWALCAP, a major UK library network based at Plymouth Polytechnic. Gosling describes how it is set up, how it works, and how it is used. 199. Gould, Stephen B. "An Intellectual Utility for Science and Technology: The National Research and Education Network." Government Information Quarterly. 7(4) (1990):414-425. {SDL} In this article, the author looks at how the Internet will eventually become the NREN, and how the NREN will become a major tool for scholars and researchers of all types. 200. Granrose, Jon. List of Internet Sites Accepting Anonymous FTP. 23 December 1991. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/dir/netser, ftpsites.list. {INT} This file contains an international list of Internet sights that provide anonymous file transfer. Where possible, a Telnet sight is provided. 201. Green, Roedy. "Remote Connections." Byte, 16(7) (July 1991):161-168. {SUL} Despite the promises of the product, wide area, local networks that use modems can be very slow. Green compares this to Open Systems Interconnection software, which can be faster, and can be used to improve WAIS systems. 202. Green, Tim. "Computer Networks - an Infrastructure for Research and Communication." The Law Librarian, 22(1) (April 1991):18-22. {SDL} This article explains the convenience and importance of network connections for a library (much of the technology is already in place). There is a brief look at the various Internet services, and the various types of local networks (LAN, WAN). Green believes that a network can simplify daily work for many people. 203. Grudner, Tom. "Whose Internet Is It Anyway? - A Challenge." Online, 16(4) (July 1992):6-10. {SDL} Grudner believes that since the NREN will be built with tax dollars, that it belongs to everyone. He also comments on the debate of "who will use it." 204. Hacker, Kenneth L. Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) Bibliography. New Mexico State University, Updated 15 April 1991. Email: Comserve@rpitsvm: send compumed biblio. {ITN} This bibliography refers to sources that deal with the use of computer mediated networks in education. Subtopics include multi-media education, teaching via telecommunications, and the possible socio-economic impact of a global computer network. Also contains a list of journals that frequently feature online education, and a list of institutions that offer courses in online education, and/or perform research in the field. 205. Hall, Stephan C. "The Four Stages of National Research and Education Network Growth." EDUCOM Review 26(1):18-25. {SUL} Hall states that everyone stands to gain from the NREN. He goes on to describe the growth of the network, the finances required, the applications, resources, management, and users. 206. Hallman, Judy. CWIS - Campus Wide Information Systems. 1991. FTP: oit.unc.edu, pub/docs/cwis, cwis.list. {ITN} This file contains a list of Campus Wide Information Systems (CWIS) available through the internet. Access codes are provided for each, most of which are Telnet. In many cases, the names and email addresses of major systems personnel at the campus are included. Most of the information systems have instructions for accessing the library catalog of the campus in question, once the connection has been made. The list is not comprehensive, but it does represent several nations in North America, Europe, and the Pacific ring. 207. Hancock, Ellen M. "The Strategic Importance of a National Network." EDUCOM Bulletin 23(2/3) (Summer/Fall 1988):3-7. {SUL} Information is becoming more and more valuable. As a result, we need the NREN as a means of handling large quantities of it, and we need it immediately! The current Internet is simply too slow to handle many users needs. 208. Hansen, Alf. "Coordination of Mail Gateways: the X.400 - RFC Problem." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 19 (3-5) (November 1990):251-4, {SUL} This article talks about electronic mail bottlenecks that come from the current mail protocols and dispatch programs. Most of the problems come from verification programs and transit nodes along the route. 209. Harnad, Stevan. "Scholarly Skywriting and the Prepublication Continuum of Scientific Inquiry." Psychological Science 1(6) (November 1990):342-344. {COL} This article looks at the prospects of prepublication review on the network. There are several obstacles for electronic text that must be dealt with. 210. Harrison, Teresa M., Timothy Stephen, and James Winter. "Online Journals: Disciplinary Designs for Electronic Scholarship." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2(1) (1991): 25-38. Email: listserv@uhupbm1; get harrison prv2n1 f=mail. {ITN} This article declares that there is no longer a question as to weather or not electronic communication will be a major vehicle for academic activity. Instead, it asks "how" will this be achieved. The author suggests that electronic journals will not replace printed ones (at least not for a long time), but will instead address different topics of a given field. Issues such as archiving and collecting such journals are addressed, as is the possible role of an electronic "subscription service," like Comserve. 211. Heijne, Maria. 'Networked Services, user support and libraries: mutual benefits?" Electronic Library, 10(1) (Feb 1992):47-51 {SDL} SURFnet (the Netherlands) tied networked services, user support, and libraries as a mutual whole where all could benefit. Other networks should study this example. 212. Hein, Morten. "Library Cooperation Based of Information Technology Networks: A Vision for a European Library Future." IFLA Journal, 17(1) (Feb 1991): 39-44. {SUB} This article explains that networks are only useful if they meet the information needs of the libraries patrons, and warns against getting technologies that carry unstable programs (lest the network be damaged). The article concentrates on networking in Europe, but comments about other areas are included. 213. Henderson, Carol C. "Washington Hotline." College and Research Libraries News. 50(10) (Nov 1989):923-4. {SDL} In this brief column, Henderson describes the NREN and the government's increase in interest for it. A rough sketch of the current NREN bill (Al Gore) is provided, along with a three-step plan for forming the NREN. Sadly, there is still a problem with funding. 214. Hendrick, Charles L. Introduction to Internet Protocols. Rutgers University Computer Science Facility Group. 1987. FTP: topaz.rutgers.edu, tcp-ip-docs, tcp-ip-intro.doc. {ITN} This is a description of the various Internet communication protocols, with special emphasis on TCP/IP. Descriptions of the available features on the major protocols is provided. 215. Hernon, Peter, and Charles R. McClure. "Dissemination of U.S. Government Information in CD-ROM and Other Forms." CD-ROM Professional, 5(2) (March 1992):67-71. {SDL} This article looks at the various methods of disseminating government information. Part of the article deals with CD-Rom and some printed sources, but there is also a section on the Internet (NREN). The article ends by looking to the future of dissemination of government information. 216. Herzog, Kate. "Collection Development for the Electronic Library." Computers in Libraries, 10(9) (Oct 1990):9-13. {SDL} In this article, Herzog raises several issues about the network and the library. Most notably, she believes that the electronic library should link scholarship to scholars, like any other library should. 217. Hetrick, Robert C., Jr. "Networked Information: What Can We Expect and When?" Cause/Effect, 13(2) (Summer 1990):9-14. {COL} This article looks at situations that inhibit the use of the network. For one thing, people are used to paper. There are also the issues of copyright law and access of accessibility. 218. Hewitt, Joe A., ed. Advances in Library Automation and Networking. Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI Press, 1991. Volume 4. {SDL} This anthology of papers deals with several topics of library automation and their relation to the network. Among the topics are advances in OPACs, electronic journals, bibliographic instruction for network use, hypertext and hypermedia, and technical services. 219. Hickey, Thomas B., and Terry Noreault. "The Development of a Graphical User Interface for the Online Journal of Current Clinical Trials." The Public Access Computer Systems Review 3(2) (1992). Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get hickey prv3n2 f=mail. {ITN} This is an explanation of how one electronic journal, "Current Clinical Trials," could become a graphical one, with the help of special end-user software. There are hopes that all electronic journals are going this way. 220. "High-Capacity Network to Link Researchers Across Country." Data Channels 17(11) (May 30, 1990):4-5. {SUL} This work takes a look at the "new" NREN project: fast communication, easy exchange of ideas, and so on. Such a system could be operational by the mid-1990's. 221. Hildebrand, Carol. "Hippi' means speed for lab users." Computerworld 25 (April 8, 1991):45+ {RFM} 'Hippi," or High-Performance Parallel Interface, can by used to design maps and fancy graphics. The utility is expected to available on the NREN. 222. Hildreth, Charles R. Library Automation in North America: A Reassessment of the Impact of New Technologies and Networking. K.S. Saur, Munich, 1987. {NYS} This book is an overview of computer networks in North America, including OCLC, RLIN, and other bibliographic utilities. Hildreth looks at some integrated library systems and end-user services, and comments on data ownership, use, and restrictions. There is a variety of references, and a bibliography of about 200 works. 223. Hiltz, Starr Roxanne and Murray Turoff. The Network Nation: Human Communication via Computer. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1978. {CUL} This book looks at how computer networks operate, and who uses them the most. Other sections address the social and psychological aspects of network use, the political uses of networks, the technological needs, and the necessary needs. A running joke called the "Bowark Times" is used as a vehicle for looking at the future of networks. The book is dated now, but it was ahead of its time when written. 224. Hinnebusch, Mark. "Primer on Z39.50." Academic and Library Computing 9(8) (September 1992):16-22. {HSG} The Z39.50, if programmed correctly, can connect networks together, and overcome unlike protocols. Such a connection can be difficult to achieve, however. 225. Hinnebusch, Mark. "Z39.50: A Path for Implementation." Computers in Libraries, 11(8) (September 1991):30-31. {SUB} This article looks at the Z39.50 network protocol: "the most important standard in library and information retrieval since the MARC format."). Hinnebusch looks at how is works on local systems, how it processes information for transferal, and what is must do before transferal. 226. Hinnebusch, Mark. "The Z39.50 EXPLAIN Service." Academic and Library Computing, 9(10) (Nov/Dec 1992):14-17. {CCL} This article talks about EXPLAIN, a searching aid to operate with the Z39.50 protocol. It's a separate database that can assist a user by finding where to search, or refer the user to a different searching tool. It is, in some ways, an Internet Expert System. 227. Hinnebusch, Mark. "Z39.50: Where is It and Who Cares?" The Public Access Computer Systems Review 1(2) (1990): 62-66. Email: listserve@uhupvm1; get hinnebus prv1n2 f=mail. {ITN} In this article, Mark Hinnebusch describes the Z39.50 network protocol, a system intended to let computers with very different operation system to communicate over the internet. Sadly, numerous problems have arisen, and he discusses these at length. He refers to a meeting, held on March 12, 1990, that discussed the fate of Z39.50, and relays some of the observations and conclusions that were reached. He also points interested readers to a listserve that deals with the Z39.50 protocol. 228. Hodson, James. The National Research and Education Network (NREN): A Bibliography. University of Minnesota Libraries, 12 September 1991. ERIC, Microfiche. {SUL} This excellent bibliography is well indexed and is highly suitable for intermediate level users. Some of the works may be difficult to locate, but most of them are in frequently available books and journals. 229. Holligan, Patrick J. Access to Academic Networks. London, Taylor Graham, 1986. {SDL} This EDUCOM publication contains brief overviews of the computer networks in the United Kingdom, describing their development, importance, and possible future. 230. Holligan, Patrick J. "Access to UK Academic Networks." Information Processing & Management 22(4):252-6. Connecticut, Economic problems. {SUB} This paper describes a recent study, dealing with networking and automation. Expert Systems, electronic journals and other electronic benefits are presented. 231. Horvitz, Robert. "The Usenet Underground." Whole Earth Review, 65 (Winter 1989):112-115. {RAL} Usenet is ideal for acadamians, who can use the various mailing lists. There are over 600 news groups, many of them underrated, which allow lots of postings. A brief list of some major Usenet groups is provided, along with directions on how to join. Horovitz encourages all readers to join this "controlled anarchy." 232. "House Allows NSF to Relax Acceptable Use Policies." Effector OnLine, 3(0) (June 4, 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, pub/EFF/newsletters, effector3.00. {ITN} This news report announces the welcoming of non-academic traffic on the NSFNet, making it more of a public network. 233. How to Use the Simtel MS-DOS Archive. 1992. FTP: infolib.murcoch.edu.au. pub/gde/netser/ simtel.gde. {ITN} This file contains an overview of how to use the Simtel communication program. A list of programs and utilities, such as a variety of microcomputer operations systems, is available in the same directory as "Simtel." 234. Howell, Karen M. G. "Z39.50 - Here and Now!" In LITA Yearbook 1992, p 63-71. Chicago: Library and Information Technology Association, 1992. This article contains an overview of the Z39.50 protocol and the advantages that this standard has. Possible applications of the Z39.50 include library systems, WAIS servers, scholar workstations, and campus networks (CWIS). 235. Horwitt, Elizabeth. "National Network Prepares for a new speed limit posting." Computerworld. 23(34) (Aug 21 1989): 55. {RFM} This work talks about the actions required to deal with the increasing use of the Internet. Because so many are using the network, changes and upgrades are necessary to make it faster and more efficient. 236. Horwitt, Elizabeth. "Science to take the High-Speed Route." Computerworld. 23(33) (Aug 14, 1989):p1+ {RFM} This brief work discusses how pressure from the scientific community may force the U.S. government to work faster on developing the NREN. 237. Hsieh, Richard K.C, and Carls A. Gamboa. "Using Bitnet to access the National Library of Medicine Databases." Bulletin of the Medical Library Association. 80(4) (October 1992):335-38. {SDL} This article describes a project that allows Bitnet users to access the NLM databases. The program is called Bitnes, and it links Bitnet and the NLM through a special intercommunication system. 238. Huston, Geoff. "The Australian Academic and Research Network." Australian Academic & Research Libraries. 21(1) (March 1990):1-11. {SDL} This article talks about the AARNet, Australia's equivalent to the Internet. Topics of this article include the objectives of AARNet, its design, implementation, and use in libraries. However, it must carry a significant amount of material to compete with the Internet. 239. IEEE/IEICE Global Telecommunications Conference 1987. Nov 15-18, Tokyo, Japan. Ohmsha, Ltd, 1987. Three Volumes. {RFM} This three volume set is the conference proceedings of "Globecon 87," held in Tokyo, Japan, which dealt with all aspects of electronic communication. Network related topics includes ISDN systems, transmission of multi-media materials, access protocols, optical communication technology, network planning, and new forms of wireless communication. 240. Information Retrieval Services: Definition and Protocol Specifications for Application. Rutgers' National Information Standards Organization, 1991, Transaction. {COL} This book describes the Z39.50 communication protocol, and lists some concerns related to it. It continues to describe how different protocols may be needed for different users. 241. International Online Information Meeting (13th, London). Online Information '89. Medford, NJ, [1989]. {SUB} These conference proceedings contain several works related to computer networking. Among these are remote database searching, network bibliographic instruction, and network interface. 242. "The Internet Gopher: An Information Sheet." Electronic Networking, 2(1) (Spring 1992):69-71. {COL} This article is a brief description of gopher, and includes a news group address for gopher. 243. Jacob, M. E. L. "Libraries and National Library Networks." Bulletin of the American Society of Information Science. 16(6) (Aug/Sept 1990):9-11. {SUB} This article reminds us that libraries are not warehouses for information, but access centers: they store and disseminate information. Telecommunication can reinforce this notion. Placing study materials on a network will simplify many things for everyone involved. 244. Jacobs, Jim. "Providing Data Services for Machine-Readable Information in an Academic Library: Some Levels of Service." The Public Access Computer Systems Review, 2(1) (1991):144-160. Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get jacobs prv2n1 f=mail. {ITN} Patrons are beginning to demand documents using standard formats for electronic documents, which is becoming available at a very fast rate. This is a general trend in libraries. The authors suggests some basic electronic services and how to set them up. 245. Jacobson, Ole J. and Daniel C. Lynch. A Glossary of Networking Terms. Adopted from the INTEROP Pocket Glossary of Networking Terms. Distributed by Interop '90. 1991. FTP: nic.ddn.mil, rfc, RFC1208.txt. {ITN} This file contains a list of frequently encountered terms. It is rather technical, but cross referenced, so jargon can be looked up fairly easily. 246. Jennings, Edward M. "EJournal: An account of the First Two Years." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 2(1) (1991):144-160. Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get jacobs prv2n1 f=mail. {ITN} This electronic article is an overview of development and management of an electronic journal. An adjustment of attitude is expected as the electronic journal gains credibility, but it will take time. The humanities, for example, are still ruled by the attitude that only printed article are considered "real." 247. Jensen, Eric. "At-Risk Standards Online." The Computing Teacher, 19(4) (Dec/Jan 1991-2):10-11. {SUB} This article talks about an academic program (Knowledge Gateway) and standards for academic problems. Networks link other schools with similar networks only, with language being the typical barrier. 248. Jones, Paul. Internet Addressing. 30 Jan 1990. Email: listserv@brownvm, get internet addressing humanist. {ITN} This file contains tips on electronic mail exchange from one section of the Internet to another (Bitnet to Internet, for example). A chart, describing how to read an Internet address is provided. 249. Jones, Paul. What is the Internet? University of North Carolina, 8 february 1990. Email: listserv@brownvm, get internet what_is humanist. {ITN} This file contains a brief description of the network, with a list of the major services available. This work is more current than Krol's book ("Hitchhikers") and may be better suited for beginners. 250. Jul, Erik. "FTP: Full-Text Publishing?" Computers in Libraries, 12(5) (May 1992):41-2. {SDL} In this brief article, Jul looks at the future of full-text electronic publishing. Such publications are easy to distribute, but access can be difficult. 251. Karraker, Roger. "Highways of the Mind." Whole Earth Review 70 (Spring 1991):4-11. {RAL} In this article, Karraker voices the common questions about the NREN: who will build it, who will use it, who will pay for it, and what will it carry. Theoretically, it will carry any and all types of information in digital form. Karraker compares a commercial NREN to highways, then to railroads (a corporate quasi-monopoly). The "information highway" may turn out to be a toll road. 252. Kahe, Brewster. Wide Area Information Services. Boston, Thinking Machines, 1992. FTP: quake.think.com, wais/wais- discussion, overview.txt. {ITN} This paper is an overview and discussion of WAIS: what it is, how it works, and what it can do for searching. 253. Kahin, Brian. "Information Policy and the Internet: Toward a Public Information Infrastructure in the United States." Government Publications Review, 18(5) (September/October 1991):451-472. {SDL} The development of the Internet, and the information it carries, has resulted in a high-speed, versatile "data highway." However, the lines between dissemination and the Freedom of Information Act, with regards to networking, are blurry. Other issues are addressed as well as this one, namely control of the network, and data integrity. 254. Kale, Brewster and Art Medlar. "An Informative System for Corporate Users: Wide Area Information Servers." Online, 15(5) (Sept 1991):56-60, {SDL} This article looks at the uses of WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers) from a corporate angle: how it operates, what it can do for business, and the business information it can carry (business newsletters, newspapers, and so on). 255. Kale, Brewster. Wide Area Information Server Concepts. Thinking Machines, November 3, 1989. FTP: quake.think.com, pub/wais/doc, wais-concepts.txt. {ITN} This file described the WAIS system as a utility for transferring material from large machines to smaller ones, and as a finder/ retriever. Waistations, WAIS servers, and other protocols are examined. 256. Kalin, Sally, W., and Roy Tennant. "Beyond OPACs... The wealth of Information Resources on the Internet." Database 14(4) (Aug 1991):28-33. {SDL} There is little talk of the Internet outside of the library field, and certain corporate environments. Kalin and Tennant explain how the Internet is a good research tool for any independent research. A list of files is included, as well as some specialized resources and databases. There is also a brief section of network ethics. 257. Kalin, Sally, W. "Support Services for Remote Users of Online Public Access Catalogs." RQ 31(2) (Winter 1991):197-213. {SDL} In this article, Kalin illustrates the necessity for better user support when the user is accessing remote catalogs or CWIS systems. Since such users are "invisible" to the network being accessed, such support would have to be available remotely (either a person or a special program like an expert system). 258. Kapor, Mitchell. Building the Open Road: the NREN as test- bed for the National Public Network. (Network Working Group, Request for Somments, 1259). September 1992. FTP: hydra.uwo.ca, rfc, RFC1259.txt. {ITN} This paper states that the NREN will be built in stages, correcting errors as it goes. There will be no monopoly, but a co-operative between several controllers. 259. Kapor, Michael. "Civil liberties in Cyberspace." Scientific American, 265(3) (September 1991):158-164. {SUL} This article talks about how "computer crime" is fuzzy before the law. In fact, authorities have been know to disregard basic civil liberties when dealing with it. 260. Katzen, May. "Electronic Publishing in the Humanities." Scholarly Publishing, 18(1) (October 1986):5-16. {SUB} The humanities, by their fluid nature, fare best in a field of disparate views. Electronic text provides this, but parallel publishing (print and electronic) will continue for some time. However, electronic text is becoming more common in the humanities, especially in the form of databases. 261. Kay, Alan C. "Computers, Networks, and Education." Scientific American, 265(3) (September 1991):138-148. {SUL} In this article, Kay talks about how education could be enhanced by computer networks that provide access to vast amounts of educational materials. The network would act as an "amplifier" for learning. 262. Keays, Thomas. "Searching Online Database Services Over the Internet." Online, 17(1) (January 1993):29-33, {SDL} This article describes how the Internet can access various commercial information sources, like Dialog, using Telnet. Such procedures are tricky, but very useful. 263. Kehoe, Brendan P. Zen and the art of the Internet: a beginner's guide to the Internet. (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Computing Services, Widener University, 1992. FTP host ftp.cs.widener.edu; directory pub/zen; filenames zen-1.0.tar.Z, zen-1.0.dvi, zen-1.0.PS. FTP host aarnet.edu.au; directory pub/doc; filename zen-1.0.ps.Z. FTP host infolib.murdoch.edu.au; directory pub/gde/netser; file zeninternet.gde.ps. WAIS Server [cs.widener.edu]; source [zen-internet]. {ITN} This guide is perhaps the best general overview for an internet novice. It covers most of the important aspects of the network, including email, FTP, Usenet, and Telnet. It also includes a brief glossary and bibliography. It is available at several FTP sights in addition to the ones listed above, and has been updated at least once. 264. Kelley, Wayne P., Jr. "GPO's Vision for Access to Government Information in the Electronic Age." Electronic Networking, 2(3) (Summer 1992): 50-55. {COL} In the near future, the Government Printing Office plans to make itself a source of multi-media government information. Some GPO practices must be changed first, and input from interested stockholders must be considered. 265. Kennedy, Kevin. "Conference Report: Cause 89. Interest in Library Issues Evident; Groundwork Laid for ARL, CAUSE, EDUCOM Coalition." Library Hi Tech News, (Is 71, May 1990):4-5+ {SDL} This brief article explains the importance of network technology at the Cause 89 network conference. Most important was the possible use of the NREN in education. CWIS systems were also identified, no only for their own information, but as possible expansion links. 266. Kesselman, Martin. "The Internet." Wilson Library Bulletin, 66 (7) (March 1992): 756-78. {SUB} This article is a detailed overview of the Internet. The network is described, many of its features are described, a list of the major libraries on it is provided, and a list of resources rounds out the article. 267. Kessler, Gary C. ISDN: Concepts, Facilities, and Services. New York: McGrraw Hill, 1990. {CCL} This book is an overview of ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) systems. Theories, commentary, data transferal, standards, services (with the pros and cons of each), and other topics are addressed. Sample scenarios and illustrations are included to complement the text. The text is a bit technical, but it is still good reading. 268. Kessler, Jack. Directory to Fulltext Online Resources, 1992. Westport, Conn., Meckler, 1992. {NYS} This directory concentrates on fee-based online services, like Dialog and Lexis, with their benefits and difficulties. It also talks about CD-ROMs, OPACs, bulletin boards, electronic journals, and so on. The effects of these services on the NREN is briefly addressed. 269. Khait, Barbara D. "RHc and Information Services: Gateways to Opportunity?" Online 13 (September 5, 1989): 27-35. {SDL} This work contains an overview of commercial information services, and what they can provide. Much of the information they carry is not available (or very difficult to find) on the Internet. 270. Kibririge, Harry M. "Information Communication Highways in the 1990's: An Analysis of their Potential Impact on Library Automation. Information Technology and Libraries. 10(3) (Sept 1991): 172-184. {SDL} This article talks about the impact of fast resource sharing over telecommunication networks, with special emphasis on library automation. Special attention is made to fiber-optic connections. 271. King, Timothy B. "Critical Issues for Providers of Network- Accessible Information." EDUCOM Review, 26(2) (Summer 1991): 29- 33. {SUL} This article looks at electronic publishing. Providers are advised to know that their audience is looking for useful material that they can use. In light of this, one must address the issues, establish standards, and be consistent. This applies both to paid services and non-profit services. 272. King, Timothy B. "The Impact of Electronic and Networking Technologies on the Delivery of Scholarly Information." The Serials Librarian, 21(2/3) (1991):15-31. {SUB} In this article, King explains how networks can help users keep abreast of current literature, search for information sources, and use electronic mail. However, the network will not necessarily speed up the dissemination of electronic journals (many editor have a false sense of speed in these cases), so their grown may not be as fast as many would like. Multimedia sources may be even slower. 273. Kirstein, Peter T. and Jon Crowcroft. "International links for research collaboration." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 21(4) (1991):261-73. {RFM} This article discusses how the upgrading of Internet (to NREN) and JANET, and the links between them, will benefit researchers on both sides of the Atlantic. Video conferencing, for example, will be possible between the two networks. 274. Kochmer, Jonathan. NorthWestNet User Services Internet Resource Guide. Northwest Academic Computing Consortium, Inc., Third Edition, March 1992. FTP: ftphost.nwnet.net, cd/nwnet/user-guide, README.nursig (contains a list of the relevant files). {SUL} This guidebook is very large and very technical, but it is also very through, and contains instructions and pointers for nearly every aspect of the network. The scope of the work makes it unsuitable for beginners. 275. Koppel, Ted P. "Public Access Catalogs Available Through Internet." Colorado Libraries, 16(2) (June 1990):31-3. {SDL} This article looks at many of the better OPACs that have plugged into the Internet, and provided access instructions for some of them. 276. Kovacs, Michael J. and Diane K. Kovacs. "The State of Scholarly Electronic Conferencing." Electronic Networking, 1(2) (Winter 1991): 29-36. {COL} This article discusses the impact of electronic conferencing and electronic journals. Their technology is explained, as well as how they work, and why they are popular. There is also a list of what research has been done in this area, and an examination of what is involved with forming and moderating a conference. 277. Kovacs, Diane, The Directory Team and Kent State University. Acadlist: 6th Revision Directory of Scholarly E-Conferences. Kent, Ohio, Kent State University Libraries, 1992. FTP host: ksuvxa.kent.edu; file acadlist.readme. {ITN} This collection of guides is an annotated list of over 800 electronic conferences in academic disciplines, arranged by subject. The guides are assembled by a research team, based at Kent State, and concentrates on academic lists. They are available via mail or FTP. The first file, called "Readme," contains a title index for the remaining files, and should be read before any of the others. The remaining files are in the same directory as the "Readme" file, and can be retrieved as needed. The entries are arranged in a format that is suitable for importing into a database. 278. Krol, Ed. The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Internet. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois, September 1989. FTP Host: nic.meric.edu; File: documents/rfc/rfc1118.txt. {ITN} This guide contains a brief history of the Internet, how the system works, and what some of the consistent problems are. A brief overview of the communication protocols common to the net is provided, as well as some pointers on how to use them. There is also a brief reading list, glossary, and file directory of some frequently used documents. Updated versions of this work may be available at other sights. The work is intended for beginners, but the technical writing style and extensive use of jargon makes it more appropriate for intermediate users. 279. Krol, Ed. The Whole Internet: User's Guide and Catalog. Sebastopol, California: O'Reilly and Associates, Inc, 1992. This famous work contains an excellent overview of the network: how it is set up, how it works, and how to connect to it. All major aspects of the network are addressed at least briefly, and the book ends with a very good list of files and services (with access instructions), service providers, addresses and telephone numbers, and a brief glossary. Despite Krol's claims, however, this work is not appropriate for a beginner, because as a teaching manual it moves too fast, and the writing is rather technical. 280. Kunze, John A. "Non-bibliographic Applications of Z39.50." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review. 3(5) (1992). Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get kunze prv3n5 f=mail. {ITN} The Z39.50 is designed to facilitate the transfer of bibliographic data. This article looks at how Berkeley is exploring it's possibilities with other types of text, non-text databases, and non-text documents. 281. Kupersmith, John. "Technostress and the Reference Librarian." Reference Services Review, 20(3) (Summer 1992):7-14. {SDL} This article recounts how new technology gives rise to stress, in this case "Reference Stress." A section of coping with this stress in included. 282. LaCroix, Michael J. Minitex and Illinet: Two Library Networks. Champaign, University of Illinois, 1987. (Occasional Papers of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science, # 178). {SDL} This is a discussion of Minitex (Minnesota Interlibrary network) and Illinet (Illinois), two successful library networks. A history and operation overview of these two systems is provided. 283. Ladner, Sharyn J. and Hope N. Tillman. How Special Librarians Really Use the Internet. [1992]. FTP: hydra.uwo.ca, libsoft, Spec_libs.txt. {ITN} This publications describes how special librarians use the network. Most of them are self-taught in the use of the network, and professional electronic mail is the most common use. Electronic forums and database searching are also common uses, followed by personal electronic mail. Special librarians use the network for the same reason that most other users do: communication. 284. Ladner, Sharyn J. "Resource Sharing in Sci-Tech and Business Libraries: Formal Networking Practices." Special Libraries, 83(2) (Spring 1992):96-112. {SDL} This article is a report on the use of networks by scientific, technical, and business libraries. Network use was greatest in highly affluent special libraries, but all others exhibited surprisingly low use. Several charts are provided, illustrating various details of the study. 285. Ladner, Sharyn J. and Hope N. Tillman. "Using the Internet for Reference." Online, 17(1) (January 1993):45-51. {SDL} In this article, the authors describe how the Internet can serve as a ready reference resource in libraries. By means of listserv, file transfer, and other services, the Internet can become a highly useful reference source. 286. Langschied, Linda. "The Changing Shape of the Electronic Journal." Serials Review, 17(3) (1991):7-14. {SUB} Electronic journals are still considered "informal" research by many, but with libraries becoming more and more electronic in nature, this will change. Electronic journals cost less, have little or no lag, and can be changed if needed. Some case studies are presented regarding electronic journals. 287. LaQuey, Tracy L. and Jeanne C. Ryer. Forward by Senator Al Gore. The Internet Companion: a Beginner's Guide to Global Networking. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1993. The small book is a brief overview of the network, presented in a non-technical way. A brief treatise of the net is included, which has a physical description and a brief history. The book includes a brief list of important files that would be of interest to beginners. 288. LaQuey, Tracy L., ed. User's Directory of Computer Networks Bedford, Mass: Digital Press, 1990. {NYS} This book maps out the major networks and provides location codes for some of the major network sights on each. A description of how each net connects to the others is provided, and, where possible, the names and addresses of network administrators is also provided. There is also some light material such as the "Requiem for ARPNET." 289. Learn, Larry L. "ISDN, B-ISDN and SONET: Putting it all together at the Speed of Light." Library Hi Tech News. 75 (Oct 1990):5-8+ {SDL} This article looks at fiber-optic transmission systems: Integrated System Digital Networks (ISDN and B-ISDN). The author expects that systems of this type will eventually be the norm. 290. Learn, Larry L. "Networks: The Telecommunications Infrastructure and Impact of Change." Library Hi Tech, 6(1) (Is 21, 1988):13-31. {SUB} This piece looks at the structure and possible changes of the NREN network. National information vendors, local information vendors, telephone bases vendors, and even individual users were considered. The NREN will be expensive to use at first, but after a while, the cost will drop. (This article includes a brief glossary for those who want to see one). 291. Learn, Larry L. Telecommunications for Information Specialists. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc, 1989. {SDL} This book looks at the role of telecommunications and how they apply to the network. Learn also looks at recent legislation that effects telecommunications, some recent developments, and possible future developments. A brief bibliography is included. 292. Lemson, David. Guide to File Compression, Archiving and Test-Binary Formats. 1991. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/gde/netser, compress.gde. {ITN} This file lists the various file extensions of many different operating, and illustrates how these can be used to tell how the file has been compressed. It continues with FTP directions for public domain file compression programs (or "zippers"), and decompression services and programs. 293. Lewis, Sarah. "Are You an Internet Nerd?" Effector OnLine, 2(4) (Jan 18, 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, /pub/eff/newsletters, effector2.04. {ITN} This is a rather humorous quiz, rating one's addiction to the use of the Internet. 294. Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office. Connecting the Networks. Proceedings of the joint Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee and EDUCOM Meeting, December 5-7, 1988, Washington, D.C. {SUL} This short book is a good visual representation of the network, containing maps of how the various components are laid out and connected. The writing is rather technical, but the maps and charts are easy for a beginner to understand. 295. Lincoln, Barbara. Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) Bibliography FTP host: infolib.murdoch.edu.au; file pub/bib/lincoln.bib. Host: quake.think.com; directory pub/wais/wais-discussion; file bibliography.txt. {ITN} This computer file consists of citations and file lists for sources dealing with Wide Area Information Services, or WAIS. A substantial portion of the works cited are available via FTP, or a similar network service like Archie. The directions for retrieval are scant, consisting of addresses and little else, so one should have some knowledge of the network before using this source. 296. Lippincott, Joan. "Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) Task Force Spring 1992 Meeting." The Electronic Library, 10(4) (Aug 1992): 297-300. {SDL} This is an overview of the CNI Task Force Spring 1992 meeting. Two of the major topics included public interest in the Internet and NREN, and public information policy. 297. Lipscomb, Eric. USENET: An Overview. North Texan University. Email: listserv@bitnic, get usenet lipsco_e. {ITN} This is a summary of the USENET service: its features, costs, and applications. 298. List of Lists. FTP ftp.nisc.sri.com, netinfo, interest- groups.{ITN} This file contains a list of special interest mailing groups on the network. It is arranged alphabetically, and the moderators are listed. The file tries to remain current. 299. Listserv Lists. 1993 Email: listserv@albnyvms, list global. {ITN} Versions of this file are available from any listserv sight, and contains a list of all listserv programs known to that specific sight. This file is quite large. 300. Litchfield, Charles. "Local Storage and Retrieval of Electronic Journals: Training Issues for Technical Services Personnel." Serials Review, 17(4) (1991):83-84. {SUB} Electronic text creates certain needs for storage and maintenance, just like conventional media. How the text was distributed must be taken into account during cataloging and storage as appropriate. Sadly, this will become very complex in the future. 301. Lottor, M. Inernet Growth (1981-1991). Network Working Group, January 1992. FTP: nnsc.nsf.net, frc, rfc1296.txt. {ITN} This file contains an overview of the Internet, with the addition of nodes as a guide. 302. Lowrey, Charles B. "Converging Information Technologies: How Will Libraries Adapt?" Cause/EFFECT, 13(3) (Fall 1990):35-42. {COL} This article looks at problems the libraries are facing as electronic text becomes more common. Electronic text has economic implications and technical implications, as well as the fact that it is a new media that libraries must support. The library is becoming an information "laboratory," as opposed to an information "warehouse." 303. Luce, Richard E., Richard Steele, Nancy Walters, Eric Boon. "The IRVING Library Network: Linking Local Dissimilar Systems." Library High Tech. 6 (4) (Is 24, 1988):47-58. {SDL} This article looks at how the IRVING network of Boulder, Colorado, has successfully linked a variety of automation systems. A description of how the system works is provided, how it has benefitted users in both searching and inter-library loan, and some plans for the future of the network are presented. 304. Luce, Richard E. "Linking Local Systems in the USA; Current Developments." Australian Library Journal, 40(1) (Feb 1991):35- 44. {SDL} This work talks about the linking of local information systems in the United States. Issues of cost, incompatible technology, slow technological development, and network standard are addressed. The author cites some important systems in the USA, their problems, and what is being done to correct them, if anything. 305. Lyman, Peter. "The Library of the (Not-So-Distant) Future." Change, 23(1) (Jan/Feb 1991):39-41. {HSG} Research libraries are currently in trouble: the knowledge base is too large to be effectively stored, journals cost too much, and the new technology-based information system is more than many locations can handle. Digital text, for some, may be the only option available. 306. Lynch, Clifford A. 'The Development of Electronic Publishing and Digital Library Collections on the NREN." Electronic Networking, 1(2) (Winter 1991):6-22. {COL} This article looks at the present and future of electronic publishing and network information access, and the ongoing transition from paper to electronic text. In addition, issues related to digitizing images, virtual libraries, OPACs, and electronic library collections are addressed. 307. Lynch, Clifford A. "From Telecommunications to Networking: The MELVYL Online Union Catalog and the Development of Intercampus Networks at the University of California." Library High Tech 7(2) (Is 26, 1989):61-83. {SDL} This article outlines the history of the MELVYL network (University of California) from it's founding to today. It looks at some issues that must be addressed in the future, describes the TCP/IP protocol used at certain sights within MELVYL, and lists some problems related to telnet with the system. 308. Lynch, Clifford A. "The Growth of Computer Networks: A Status Report." Bulletin of the American Society of Information Science 16(5) (June/July 1990):10-11. {SUB} Lynch maintains that when networks were developed, they were designed for a specific purpose and were not intended to be linked together. As a result, the existing links are poorly designed, often out of necessity. High speed connections between locations was not an objective at first, but that is gradually changing as networks improve themselves. 309. Lynch, Clifford A. "Information Retrieval as A Network Application." Library High Tech 8(4) (Is 32, 1990):57-72. {SDL} The relationship between Z39.50 and other network protocols is examined, and some of the possible uses for Z39.50 are examined. The OSI library application protocols are also examined. 310. Lynch, Clifford A. and Cecilia M. Preston. "Internet Access to Information Resources." In Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol 25, 1990. Martha E. Williams, ed. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers, B.V. American Society for Information Science. {NYS} Most of this work is historical in nature. Topics covered include access to electronic information, networking in the United States, established services and sources, access to information, and new concepts in information resources. 311. Lynch, Clifford A. "Linking Library Automation Systems in the Internet: Functional Requirements, Planning, and Policy Issues." Library Hi Tech 7(4) (Is 28, 1989):7-18 {SDL} OPACs, in general, were developed without concern for a national network, and now, as a result, the are faced with problems of software compatibility. Now, library automation needs to take the network into account. 312. Lynch, Daniel C. and Marshall T. Rose, eds. Internet Systems Handbook. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1993. {RFM} As handbooks go, the writing of this book is extremely wordy, so it is best used by intermediate level users, or beginners who are not rushed to get results. Several topics are discussed, namely the evolution of the Internet, network protocols, applications of the network, directory sources, operation tools, future directions of the network, and a bibliography. 313. Maas, Robert Elton. MaasInfo.Archie. 1991. FTP: aarnet.edu.au, pub/doc, MaasInfo.Archie. {ITN} This is a very brief tutorial on using the Archie service. Several commands are illustrated, as well as some sample searches, and tips on how to use the results. 314. Maas, Robert Elton. MaasInfo.Description. 1991. FTP: aarnet.edu.au, pub/doc, "MaasInfo.Description." {ITN} This file is a bibliography of the Maas series of reference files. Location codes are provided for each file. 315. Maas, Robert Elton. MaasInfo.DocIndex. December 17, 1991. FTP: aarnet.edu.au, pub/doc, "MaasInfo.Description." {ITN} This brief file contains tutorials on how to use the major resources and services available on the network. 316. Maas, Robert Elton. MaasInfo.HowNet. 1991. FTP: aarnet.edu.au, pub/doc, MaasInfo.HowNet. {ITN} This semi glossary/directory contains brief directions of how to use many different network services and features. However, the file has no particular arrangement, so it can be difficult to use. 317. Maas, Robert Elton. MaasInfo.TopIndex. Ver 0.17, Feb 27, 1992. FTP: arrnet.edu.au, pub/doc, "MaasInfo.DocIndex." {ITN} This file contains a list of indexes and internet guidebooks, with abstracts and retrieval directions for each. There are also pointers for using the various retrieval services. 318. MacColl, John A. "Library Applications of a Wide Area Network: Promoting JANET to UK Academic Libraries." Information Services & Use, 10(3) (1990):157-168. {SDL} This is a description of Jupiter, a project to promote the UK Joint Academic Network (JANET) to member and new libraries. The goals of the project are indicated, as well as how JANET is used now. 319. MacGilvary, Marian W., Joseph P. Paskoski, and John M. Walters. Electronic Bulletin Board System for the Federal Library Program: A Study February 1, 1991. Library Programs Service, Government Printing Office, 1991. SuDoc: GP 3.2:EL 2. {SUL} In this work, the authors express the need for a electronic mail line from the Government Printing Office to depository centers, since electronic mail and bulletin boards being considered the best route for gathering information of this type. They also recommend that project HERMES (a project to improve access the Government Information) be gradually upgraded and altered to handle this increase in data flow. 320. Machovec, George S. "Internet Access to Library Online Catalogs." Online Libraries and Microcomputers 8(1) (Jan 1990):1- 4. {SDL} This article looks at OPACs on the Internet, and the characteristics of them: communication protocols, connections for libraries, use in library service, the impact of putting OPACs online, and even the problems this creates. 321. Machovec, George S. "National Research and Education Network (NREN)." Online Libraries and Microcomputers, 8(10) (Oct 1990):1-4 {SDL} This article contains a brief list of the NREN bills that have been debated by the United States government. It also described how the NREN will help libraries. There is a short, but very good bibliography included. 322. Machovec, George S. "TCP/IP and OSI: Networking Dissimilar Systems - Implications for Libraries." Online Libraries and Microcomputers. 7(6-7):1-4. {SDL} This article compares TCP/IP and OSI. The two are very different, and incompatible, meaning that one is likely to replace the other. Buyers should choose very careful as a result. 323. Machovec, George S. Telecommunications and Networking Glossary. (LITA Guides 3). Chicago: LITA, American Library Association, 1990. {COL} This small book has brief definitions and explanations of many networking acronyms and terms. The work is non-technical, and comes with a brief bibliography. 324. Machovec, George S. "Usenet and Listservers: Electronic News and Conferencing." Online Libraries and Microcomputers, 10(5) (May 1992): 1-4 {SDL} This article looks at USENET and Listserv, the two largest venues for electronic conferencing. Machovec lists the features and limitations of both systems, and encourages anyone with the means to join one or both of them. 325. Machovec, George S. "WAIS: Wide Area Information Servers." Online Libraries and Microcomputers. 10(3) (March 1992):1-5. {SDL} Machovec states that the major problem with information on the Internet is not knowing where to look. WAIS is a tool that is designed to assist users in locating material. The system uses the Z39.50 protocol, and present pull-down menus of document titles. There are still some problems with indexing, but the service should prove useful to librarians. 326. Maddox, John. "Electronic Journals Have a future." Nature, 356 (Is 3670, April 16, 1992). {SUL} In this brief article, Maddox talks about the evolution of electronic journals. They are cheaper and faster than printed journals, so libraries with the means are switching to them. 327. Magnoni, Dee. "The Network as the Computer." In LITA Yearbook 1992. Chicago: Library and Information Technology Association, 1992. This anthology article advocates the services of the Internet, many of which go unused. Statements from three speakers of the LITA Telecommunications Interest group are presented, along with a summary of existing Internet resources, and brief comments on virtual libraries. 328. Malkin, Gary Scott and J. Reynolds. FYI on Questions and Answers: Answers to Commonly Asked "Experienced Internet Users" Questions. Internet Engineering Taskforce, User Services Working Group, 1991. FTP: nic.ddn.mil, rfc, RFC1207.txt. {ITN} This file is designed for experienced users of the network. It contains information and pointers on commonly encountered problems. Some of the information is useful, some is very esoteric. 329. Malkin, Gary Scott and April N. Marine. FYI on Questions and Answers to Commonly asked "New Internet User" Questions. Internet Engineering Taskforce, User Services Working Group, ; May 1992. FTP Host: nic.merit.edu; File: documents/fyi/fyi_04.txt. nic.ddn.mmil, rfc, RFC1325.txt.{ITN} This work is aimed at beginners and newcomers to the internet. Most new users have basic questions regarding the network, and this work attempts to answer many of them. For instance, brief directions on how to access various internet services such as email, ftp, and Archie are provided, as well as directions for contacting CompuServe. There is also a brief glossary of commonly used terms and buzz-words, and a small bibliography of useful readings. The layout is similar to a reference book as opposed to an instructional book. 330. Maloff, Joel H. "The Emergence of the National Research and Education Network and its Implications for American Telecommunications." In Fiber Networking and Telecommunications, 1989, p 526-535. (Proceedings of the SPIE, v. 1179). {CCL} This work talks about how high-speed networks can accelerate many portions of the economy. All interested parties are encouraged to put aside their differences, construct the NREN, and keep the United States competitive. 331. Maloff, Joel H. "Selling Internet Service: An Ancient Art Form on a New Canvas." Electronic Networking, 2(3) (Fall 1992):17-23. {COL} The Internet is useful to everyone, not just computer scientists and engineers. All businesses can use it, so the network should be marketed to reach people. In other words, sell it! It is a new approach to an old idea. 332. Malone, Thomas W. and John F. Rockhart. "Computers, Networks, and the Corporation." Scientific American, 265(3) (September 1991): 128-136. {SUL} In this article, Malone predicts a change in corporate lifestyle from the hectic pattern of today to a more leisurely, organized pace. This transition could even effect such cherished social values as home ownership. 333. Mancour, Terry, and Paul Jones. LIBTEL. University of North Carolina, 1991. FTP: ftp.unt.edu, library, unclibtel.unix. {ITN} This file contains a list a CWIS and OPACs that are available through the LIBTEL Internet service, using the UNIX operating system. 334. Marine, April, et al. Internet: Getting Started. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PTR Prentice Hall, 1993. {RFM} This book is an excellent introduction for beginners. The text is simple, and contains an overview of the network, how to join, the cost of joining, network service providers, network applications, important organizations, and important network resources. The work is more of a theory text than a guidebook, but it is still an excellent, non-technical overview of the Internet. 335. Markoff, John. "Building the Electronic Superhighway." New York Times (Jan 24, 1993): Sect 3 Page 1 Col 2. {SDL:LEXIS} This brief article looks at the dispute over who can best build and finance the net. Al Gore believes that the private sector is unlikely to gamble on the NREN, so the government should handle it. 336. Markoff, John. "Creating a Giant Computer Highway." New York Times (Sept 2, 1990): Sect 3 Page 1 Col 2. {SDL:NEXIS} This article talks about Dr. Robert Kahn, who put the early phases of networking into place. The advantages and varied applications in many fields have been effected. Furthermore, networks create jobs and stimulate commerce. 337. Marrison, David C. "Opening and Information Highway." National Journal 45 (November 10, 1990):2768. {HSG} Morrison compares the NREN with an Interstate highway, and looks at the Government's attempts (Gore bills, for example) to get the project going. Such a network would be a tool, though many users are afraid of a Big-Brother situation. 338. Marshall, Eliot. "NSF Opens High-Speed Computer Network." Science 243 (Jan 5, 1989):22-23. {SUL} The NSF (Net Science Foundation) network started in 1985, with partnerships between five government agencies. Once the fiber-optic lines are installed, it could become the backbone of the NREN. The military like the proposal, but is very concerned over the security of the network. 339. Martin, Jerry. Ther's Gold In Them Thar Networks! or, Searching for Treasure in all the Wrong Places. Ohio State University, January 1993. FTP nis.nsf.net, documents/rfc, rfc1402.txt. {ITN} This is an overview of highly used documents and services on the Internet: a list of "gold nuggets." Included are directions for obtaining important materials, libraries that use the LIBS system (a form of Telnet access), file transfer sights, frequently used bulletin boards and listervs, electronic periodicals and tabloids, campus information systems (CWIS), electronic books, and a brief glossary. 340. Martin, Susan K. Library Networks, 1986-87: Libraries in Partnership. White Plains, NY: Knowledge Industry Publications, 1986. {SDL} This book talks about how networks are constructed, and how they evolved. There is also an overview of database ownership, and the future: virtual libraries, and inter-connected library networks. One change that is required is a standard interface with OPAC's. Despite the wealth of information this book provides, the writing is rather week. 341. McAdams, Alan K., et. al. "Economic Benefits and Public Support of a National Education and Research Network. EDUCOM Bulletin 23(2/3) (Summer/Full 1988):63-71. {SUL} Many people ask why the NREN is necessary. McAdams, in this article, proceeds to answer why an NREN is necessary, even if the only benefit is economic. 342. McCahill, Mark P. List of gopher servers taken from the links file on gopher.micro.umn.edu. Computer and Information Services, University of Minnesota, 1992. FTP: infolib.murdoch,edu.au, pub/dir/netinfo, gopher.list. {ITN} This file contains a list of Gopher servers, each with an access number. A description of Gopher is included, but prior knowledge of Gopher is still required to use the supplied information. 343. McClure, Charles R. "The High Performance Computing Act of 1991: Moving Forward." Electronic Networking, 2(1) (Spring 1992):2-9. {COL} This article talks about what the now-approved NREN bill will bring. Many old issues remain, like who will build the NREN, several policy issues, access issues, and the role of government information. The text of the bill is included as an appendix. 344. McClure, Charles R., Peter Hernon, eds. Library and Information Science: Research Perspectives and Strategies for Improvement. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp, 1991. (Information Management, policy, and services). {HSG} This long collection of works is an overview of recent library and information science research. Computer networking one of the topics addressed. 345. McClure, Charles R., Anne P. Bishop, Philip Doty, and Howard Rosenbaum. The National Research and Education Network (NREN): Research and Policy Perspectives. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 1991. {NYS} This anthology is a very wide-ranging commentary on several issues related to the NREN. There is a description of the network, its development, its possible benefits and problems, social and economic policy concerns, possible effects on computer mediated communication, possible effects on research, and the perspective of users. The work ends with several recommendations and prospects. 346. McClure, Charles. "A User Perspective on Developing Internet Services." Computers in Libraries, 12(4) (April 1992): 53-5. {SDL} This article looks at the human benefits of the NREN, such as education, communication, and its role in libraries. 347. McCone, Gary K. and Daniel O. Starr. "Document Delivery Using Image Transition over Internet: A Pilot Project at the National Agricultural Library." In ASIS'90: Proceedings of the 53rd ASIS Annual Meeting. Toronto, Ontario, November 4-8, 1990. V27, 1990. Medford, N.J: American Society of Information Science, 1990. {SDL} This paper described a pilot project for sending digitized images over the Internet. Such a feature could prove invaluable for Inter-Library loan. The test data is agricultural, and is being sent between North Carolina State University and the National Agricultural Library. 348. McLaughlin, Pamela. Beyond the walls: the world of networked information. Syracuse, NY, 1991. Includes one VHS videocassette. {RFM} This book and tape set is designed an a guide for setting up a Network workshop. The book contains exercises for many network features, as well as tips for instruction, such as obtaining a guest speaker. The tape contains a demonstration of the network, by following a fictional professor through an extended session on the network, during which she uses several available services. 349. McMillan, Gail. "Embracing the Electronic Journal: One Library's Plan." The Serials Librarian, 21(2/3) (1991):97-108. {SUB} This article discusses a system of accessing electronic journals in libraries, called the Scholarly Communications Project of Virginia Tech. They recommend keeping electronic journals in a separate database that receives and handles preliminary archiving upon arrival. 350. McMillan, Gail. "Technical Services for Electronic Journals Today." Serials Review, 17(4) (1991): 84-86. {SUB} In this article, McMillan maintains that electronic journals should be given standard serial MARC records, and sent through technical services for cataloging, just like any other journal. In time, the electronic journal will appear on the OPAC. 351. Meeks, Brock N. "An Overview of Conferencing Systems." Byte, 10(13) (Dec 1985): 169-84. {SUL} The article looks at some of the major electronic conferencing systems (available in 1985), and talks about how conferencing is changing the communication habits of the individuals and small groups that use them. 352. Meeks, Brock N. "Beefed-Up Bulletin Boards." Byte, 13(11) (1988): 45-48, {SUL} This article described how bulletin boards have evolved from inefficient message systems to powerful, versatile information systems with their own utilities and database access. 353. Messner, Ellen. "Users question new NSFNET usage policy." Network World, 9(13):19-20. {CAM:BPO} This short article deals with the controversy over "appropriate use" of the Internet. Many companies dislike the network because of this issue. 354. Metz, Paul. "Electronic Journals from a Collection Manager's Point of View." Serials Review, 17(4):82-3. {SUB} As with any other media, electronic journals contain information that the library should collect, catalog, and store. 355. Metz, Paul and Paul M. Gherman. "Serials pricing and the Role of the Electronic Journal." College and Research Libraries, 52(4) (July 1991):315-327. {SUB} The rising cost of electronic journals is, for many libraries, a genuine threat. In some extreme cases, journals are sold by what is, effectively, a monolopistic system. Electronic journals may be the answer to such problems. 356. Mills, David L., Paul Schragger, and Michael Davis. "Internet Architecture Workshop: Future of the Internet System and TCP/IP Protocols." Computer Communication Review, 20(1):6-17. {SUL} This is a workshop report on the future of the Internet. The paper identifies a need for better navigation aids, improved network gateways, better support services, and improving the TCP/IP communication protocol. 357. Mining the Internet. [1991] FTP: ucdavis.edu, ucd.netdocs/mining, mining.txt. {ITN} This work is designed as a teaching model, utilizing a variety of sources. The metaphor of a mining trip is used to make the exercise more enjoyable. 358. Mitchell, Maurice and Laverna M. Saunders. "The Virtual Library: An Agenda for the 1990s." Computers in Libraries, 11(4) (April 1991):8-11, {SDL} This article comments on the "virtual library" concept. Specifically, the use of such a service, its place in the national network, its effect on libraries and computer centers, and the administrative and technological effects it will bring. 359. Mogul, Jeffrey C. "The Experimental Literature of the Internet: An Annotated Bibliography." Computer Communication Review, 19(1) (January 1989):58-71.{SUL} This is a bibliography (about 100 sources) that deal with works on the Internet as an experiment, usually containing the experience of the users in question. 360. Molholt, Pat. "The Libraries and Rensselaer Implement Access to Information Beyond their Walls." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review. 1(3) (1990). Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get molholt prv1n3 f=mail. {ITN} This article describes the in-house SPIRES run system of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Infotrax. Several bibliographic functions are available through the system, such as electronic mail, and a CWIS. All of these are now available through the Internet. 361. Morgan, Eric Lease. "Tutorial: Implementing TCP/IP Communications with Hypercard." Information Technology and Libraries 11(4) (Dec 1992): 421-32. {SDL} The article address the use of hypercard technology with the TCP/IP network protocol. Hypercard, with the correct settings, can enhance Internet performance, as well as the hardware and software involved. A sample program run is listed. 362. Morris, Dilys E. "Electronic Information and Technology: Impact and Potential for Academic Libraries." College and Research Libraries, 50(1) (Jan 1989):56-64. {SDL} This article describes the technical and economic impact of technology on academic libraries. Morris asks libraries to get involved in forming a new information policy for scholarship. 363. National Science Foundation Network Service Center. Internet Resource Guide. 1991. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/dir/netser, internet.resource.gde. {ITN} This file is an extensive guide for the location and access to server sights, information centers, and campus information services (CWIS). Despite some updating, much of the information is dated. 364. Neavill, Gordon B. "Electronic Publishing, Libraries, and the Survival of Information." Library Resources & Technical Services, 28(1) (Jan/March 1984):76-89. {SDL} This article looks at the impact of computers on the dissemination of information. It also looks at the issues of electronic publishing, including the fact that it is volatile. 365. Neff, Raymond K. "Merging Libraries and Computer Centers: Manifest Destiny or Manifestly Deranged?" EDUCOM Review 8(4) (Winter 1990): 614-626. {SUB} This article looks at how computer centers and libraries are coming together in function, especially with the help of networks. Neff questions is such a merger is wise or even feasible. 366. Negroponte, Nicholas P. "Products and Services for Computer Networks." Scientific American 265(3) (Sept 1991): 106-113. {SUL} This work talks about networked base services and products that can be customized to each user, thus increasing productivity and communication. 367. Nelson, Nancy Melin. "ISDN Test CALL: Advent of National ISDN." Academic and Library Computing. 9(9) (Oct 1992):12. {RFM} This short news release deals the first ISDN net, built by MCI in the NY and NJ area. An overview of ISDN systems are provided, listing what they can do. 368. Network Advisory Committee, Meeting (March 29-31, 1989: Washington, D.C.). Beyond Bibliographic Data: Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting. Network Planning Paper, No. 19. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1989. SuDoc: LC 30.24:19. {NYS} This work contains comments and observations of user expectations and accessibility to non-bibliographic information over the Internet. There are also sections dealing with operation concerns, and the use of the network. 369. Network Advisory Committee. Meeting, (July + Dec 1986, Washington, D.C.). Nationwide Networking. Network Planning Paper No. 15. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1987. SuDoc: LC 30.24:15 {RFM} This is the proceedings of a meeting of the Network Advisory Committee. Among the topics discussed were general library networking, resource sharing, information standards, public policy for electronic information, and various economic issues related to networking. 370. Network Advisory Committee. Intellectual Property Issues in the Library Network Context. Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting, March 23-25, 1988. (Network Planning Paper, No. 17). Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, 1989. SuDoc: LC 30.24:17 {SUL} This meeting looked at issues of personal property, ownership, and copyright of material that appears on computer networks. 371. Network Advisory Committee. Intellectual Property Rights in an Electronic Age. Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting, April 22-24, 1987. (Network Planning Paper, No. 16). Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, 1987. SuDoc: LC 30.24:16. {SUL} These proceedings, by the Library of Congress, deal mainly with intellectual property, copyright issues, ownership of databases, and electronic journals, and how these issues will effect a national network. 372. Network Advisory Committee. Riding the Electronic Wave: Document Delivery. Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting, November 29 to December 1, 1989. (Network Planning Paper, No. 20). Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1989. SuDoc: LC 30.24:20 (Distributed to some depository libraries on microfiche). {SUL} This paper, by the Library of Congress, described the effect of the network on document delivery, inter-library loan, and database access. It also talks about the increase of information brokers, and image transmission. 373. Network Advisory Committee. Toward A Common Vision in Library Networking. Proceedings of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee Meeting. December 9-11, 1985. (Network Planning Paper, No. 13). Washington, D.C: Library of Congress, 1985. SuDoc: LC 30.24:13. {SUL} The topic of this meeting was the effect of networking on librarians, and the user's perspective on networking. Commercial information vendors, OCLC, and local networks were all topics in the overall discussion. 374. Neubaur, Karl Wilhelm and Esther R. Dyer, eds. European Library Networks. Norwood, NJ, 1990: Ablex. {COL} This book looks at some important national-based information sources in Europe. There are also several sections dealing with other existing information sources, like CWIS systems. The book also comes with a good bibliography. 375. Neuman, B. Clifford. "Prospero: A tool for organizing Internet Resources." Electronic Networking, 2(1) (Spring 1992):30-35. {COL} This article describes Prospero, a program designed to integrate various computer services and use their combined techniques to locate material. A printing of a sample run is provided. 376. Nickerson, Gord. "Computer Mediated Communication on Bitnet." Computers in Libraries, 12(2) (Feb 1992):33-6. {SDL} This article looks at the services available on Bitnet. Among them are electronic mail, listservers, and file transfer. Some Bitnet nodes have begun to adopt various Internet commands, in the interest of improving network access. 377. Nickerson, Gord. "Effective Use of the Internet." Computers in Libraries, 12(5) (May 1992):38-40. {SDL} This overview article described how the various Internet services fit together, like the parts of a machine. There is also a brief section of starting a local newsgroup. 378. Nickerson, Gord. "File Transfer Protocol." Computers in Libraries, 11(9) (October 1991):51-53. {SDL} This article describes FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, an Internet service that allows users to copy and transfer files from a remote computer center. Nickerson describes how it works, and some problems that can arise from it. He also makes reference to "Zippers," or compression programs, that are used to make a file smaller for easier transfer. 379. Nickerson, Gord. "The Internet." Computers in Libraries, 11(8) (September 1991):25-29. {SUB} This article contains a very brief overview of the Internet, concentrating on how it is organized. Nickerson also explains what it can do for users, how to access it, the common problems, and archive access. A short bibliography is also included. 380. Nickerson, Gord. "Listservers." Computers in Libraries, 12(3) (March 1992):13-18. {SDL} This article looks at the listserv service, available on Bitnet and Internet. Some of the problems with listservers (particularly mail flow bottleneck) are examined. 381. Nickerson, Gord. "Networked Resources." Computers in Libraries, 11(11) (December 1991):38-42 {SDL} This article contains a brief discussion of major library databases available on the network, like OPACs and various in- house works. There is also reference to CWIS, Bulletin Boards, and WAIS stations. 382. Nickerson, Gord. "Remote Log-In with Telnet." Computers in Libraries, 11(10) (November 1991):25-6. {SDL} This article describes Telnet, an Internet service that allows one to log in to a computer from a remote location. It has several applications, and is expected to grow. 383. Nickerson, Gord. "Usenet." Computers in Libraries, 12(4) (April 1992): p 31-4. {SDL} (CUNYVM)SMTP - * Mail delivered to: This article describes the USENET gateway system, and how it can be used. Some issues about network protocol and USENET are raised as well. 384. Nickerson, Gord. "World Wide Web: Hypertext from CERN." Computers in Libraries 12(11) (December 1991):75-7, {SDL} This work described the use of hypertext in the context of the World Wide Web, or WELL. Their is hypertext-compatible electronic mail, file transfer, and various unique features. 385. Nielsen, Brian. "The Coalition for Networked Information: Realizing the Virtual Library." Online 15 (5 September):96-7. {SDL} This article looks at the stand of the Coalition for Networked Information on various issues related to the NREN, in addition to the NREN itself. Other issues addressed are that of public versus private control of the network, possible charges in publishing, and virtual libraries. 386. Notess, Gregg R. "Gaining Access to the Internet." Online, 16(5) (Sept 1992):27-34. {SDL} This article looks at Internet access alternatives for non- academians. In most cases, the rates are cheap, and come with several features. Bulletin boards, regional networks, library organization access, and so on, are often available to all users. Sadly, access options keep changing, so one must stay informed. He ends the article with a list of commercial Internet providers. 387. Notess, Gregg R. "Searching EPIC on the Internet." OCLC Micro. 7(5) (October 1991):23-5. {NYS} This article looks at how to search the OCLC EPIC service through the Internet, with directions on how to connect and proceed. Notess admits that network access to OCLC can create problems, but that the monetary savings of using the Internet as opposed to the standard OCLC protocol can mount up after time. 388. "NREN, Electronic library Systems, and Information Services are topics at CNI Meetings." College and Research Libraries News. 50(10) (June 1991): 384. {SDL} The NREN was a topic of discussion at the March 18-20 Coalition for Networked Information meeting (1991). Many speakers expressed concern over social and economic problems that may result if care is not taken. Charles McClure, meanwhile, called for network training of librarians. 389. "OCLC's Linking Strategy: Internet and NREN." OCLC Micro 8(5) (October 1992): 9-13. {NYS} This work contains an outline of a plan to integrate the OCLC database into the NREN, with OCLC planning the connection method. Several statements on several NREN issues are included. 390. "OCLC's Linking Strategy: Internet and NREN." Library Hi Tech News, 97 (Nov 1992):15-17. {SDL} This article contains talk of OCLC versus the Internet versus NREN. At present, libraries are often not on the network, though many are working on it. There are pointers for the development of the NREN, and the role of OCLC and RLIN in this new network. This network is expected to be a "significant voice" for libraries, before the year 2000 (incidently, OCLC pictures itself as a major Internet power, in time). 391. Odin (ed). Anonymous FTP: questions, answers, etc. 5 January 1990. FTP: pilot.njin.net, pub/ftp-list; ftp.help. {ITN} This file is a brief description of the file transfer protocol system (FTP), indicating how different sights use different systems. This can cause some minor problems in recall, but most are easy to overcome. 392. Office of Science and Technology Policy. The National Research and Education Network Program: A Report to Congress, Dec 1992. FTP: express.cise.nsf.gov, pub/fnc, nrencongr.ascii. {ITN} This is an overview of the most recent NREN bill. Specific topics include funding, transition to fiber-optics, protection of information, legal concerns of constituencies, and management. A glossary and bibliography are also included. 393. Office of Science and Technology Policy, Director. The National Research and Education Network Program: A Report to Congress, December 1992, [submitted] in response to a requirement of the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (P.L. 102-194). December 8, 1992. [Bethesda: National Coordination Office for High Performance Computing and Communications, 1992.] {UDL} This report to Congress by the Director of Science and Technology Policy, sketches out the current status of the NREN, and brings up the standard controversial issues related to it. It also deals with commercialization, copyright issues, and security. A brief glossary is included. 394. Okerson, Ann. "The Electronic Journal: What, Whence, and When?" The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2(1) (1991): 5-24. Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get okerson prv2n1 f=mail {ITN} In this article, the nature of scholarly electronic journals are discussed. Okerson points out that the information in a printed article has often been circulating for a time before it goes to print. With electronic journals, where turnaround time is measured in weeks or days (as opposed to months or even years), new, innovative material emerges very fast. The nature of electronic journals is such that anyone, from existing publishers and universities, to small colleges and individual, free-lance scholars, can have articles published in a timely manner. 395. Okerson, Ann and Kendon Stubbs. "The Library 'Doomsday Machine.'" Publishers Weekly, 238(8) (Feb 8, 1991):36-7. {SUL} This article looks at how the problem of rising journals prices could destroy the financial backing of many libraries. Networks and Inter-Library loan are seen as possible solutions. 396. Okerson, Ann. "Publishing through the network: the 1990s debutante." Scholarly Publishing, 23(3) (April 1992):170-177. {SUB} Despite the current debate, maintaining copyright for electronic text is easier the holding copyright for print. Some suggestions to this end are given. 397. Okerson, Ann. "With Feathers: Effects of Copyright and Ownership on Scholarly Publishing." College & Research Libraries. 52(5) (Sept 1991):425-438. {SDL} This article addresses some of the unfortunate effects of copyright law, including the effect it has on electronic journals. Copyright law was designed to protect intellectual property, but the delay it creates can hamper the spread of good ideas. Furthermore, existing copyright law does not allow for technological innovation. Contains several references. 398. Olsen, J. W. "Explore the Electronic Global Village." Online Access, 8(1) (Spring 1993):28-31. {CEL} This article provides tips on how to keep the "thrill" of networking. New services, commercial services, and other available resources are given as examples of keeping ones interest in the network alive. 399. Palca, Joseph. "Getting Together Bit by Bit." Science, 248 (April 13, 1990):160-162. {SUL} NSFNet, the Science foundation network, will bring the power of supercomputers to the Internet. There are still concerns over things like the treasury computer. The article ends with some hacker-bashing. 400. Palmer, Judith and Janice Yeadom. "A Training Workshop in the use of JANET." Program, 22(2) (April 1988):182-3. {SDL} This is simply a brief commentary on a JANET workshop that took place in September of 1987. 401. Panel on Information Technology and the Conduct of Research. Information Technology and the Conduct of Research. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989. {NYS} This work consists of an overview of a study into how information technology, including the Internet and other networks, is actually used in the field of Information Science. Surprisingly, the changes have not been as great as one might expect. 402. Parker, Elliott S., comp. Getting to Start: Selected Readings in Computer Communication. Version 2.2, November 1992. Email: Comserve@rpitsvm: send compunet biblio. FTP host: infolib.murdoch.edu.au; file: pub/bib/parker.bib. {ITN} This bibliography contains a variety of sources dealing with telecommunications, computer communication, and networking. Many of the sources are from online sources, and frequently have retrieval instructions. The arrangement is alphabetical by main entry, but has no indexing to speak of. It is periodically updated. 403. Parkhurst, Carol A., ed. Library Perspectives on NREN: The National Research and Education Network. Chicago: Library Information Technology Association, 1990. {NYS} This collection of essays from a variety of library professionals (academic, public, corporate, and government) offers different perspectives on the NREN. Topics covered include NREN legislation and history, social and economic implications of the network, and the possible effect on primary and secondary education. A brief bibliography and glossary is also supplied. 404. Patrick, Doyle. "K-12: Linking to the National Networks." Computers in Libraries 12(5) (May 1992):61-2. This work looks at the possible advantages for education, of connecting schools of the K-12 range to the Internet. 405. Perez, Ernest. "PSILink: Internet Connect with just a PC and Modem." Library Software Review 11(5) (Sept-Oct 1992):6-11. {SDL} Most of the people who use the network are still unaware of its full potential. PSILink, a program for the IBM-PC (and compatible), makes it easier to use many of the Internet services such as file transfer and library connections. 406. Perry, Andrew, ed. NYSERNet: New User's Guide to Useful and Unique Resources on the Internet. Version 2.2, April 1992. FTP: nysernet.org, pub/resources/guides, new.user.guide.v2.2.txt. {SUL} This work is designed as a guide to frequently used resources on the network, but is mainly restricted to New York State. There is a catalog of CWIS and library systems, database services, discussion groups, file directories, electronic archive sights, fee-based services, software directories, and other useful materials. 407. Perry, Tekla S. and John A. Adam. "E-Mail: Pervasive and Persuasive." IEEE Spectrum. 29(10) (Oct 1992): 22-9. {RFM} This article talks about how, though e-mail, people need not worry about political and social boundaries as is necessary with other forms of communication. It also talks about some common e- mail tricks, like "smilies," and "digital dating." It even describes how e-mail may make communication too fast. 408. Peters, Paul Evan. "Fall 1991 CNI Task Force." Information Technology and Libraries, 11(1) (March 1992): 36-39. {SDL} This article contains a summary of the Fall, 1991, CNI Task Force meeting. At the meeting, the higher education community was encouraged to embrace electronic information, and find uses for it wherever possible. Other topics covered included the shift in NREN public focus from the user to the provider, and the focus of access to information versus excess. 409. Peters, Paul Evan. "Lessons from the CNI." EDUCOM Review, 26(1) (Spring 1991):8-9. {SUL} This essay summarizes the work of the Coalition for Networked Information on the NREN project. The CNI insists that the "E" in NREN (Education) remain a vital part. 410. Peters, Paul Evan. "Networked Information Resources and Services: Next Steps." Computers in Libraries, 12(4) (April 1992): 46-53. {SDL} The information profession is very enthusiastic about the NREN, and would like to see the project proceed. However, policy has continuously slowed the project down. Diagrams illustrating an NREN node are provided. 411. Peters, Paul Evan. "Networked Information resources and Services: Next Steps." Cause/Effect 14(2) (Summer 1991):27-29+. {COL} This article examines the origin of networks and why they have been successful. Network information is described, then some relevant questions about the future of networks are posed. 412. Peterson, Larry, et. al. "The x-Kernel: A platform for Accessing Internet Resources." Computer 23(5) (May 1990):23-33. This work describes an experimental PC kernel (chip multiprocessor) that would fast, efficient connections to the current Internet, and eventually the NREN. Such a chip would be a highly complex communication enhancer. 413. Phillips, Gary Lee. "Z39.50 and the Scholar's Workstation Concept." Information Technology and Libraries 3 (September 1991): 261-269. {SDL} In this article, Phillips lists what many consider to be essential features for a scholar's workstation. One of these is a Z39.50 network connection, and how such a connection will make NREN access available, if not easy. The station should also follow the LSP (Linked Systems Project) standard. 414. Piternick, Anne B. "Electronic Serials: Realistic or Unrealistic Solution to the Journal 'Crisis?'" The Serials Librarian. 21(2/3) (1991): 15-31. {SUB} Users of all type tend to stick to the technology they understand, rather than try something new, like electronic mail. Electronic mail is still only lightly used by most users of earlier technologies. As a result, electronic text may have no immediate impact, as many have suggested. 415. Piternick, Anne B. "Serials and New Technology: The State of the Electronic Journal." Canadian Library Journal 46(2) (April 1989): 93-7, {SDL} Lancaster predicted the arrival of Electronic journals in 1979, and that they would be the primary media for periodical publications. Pitternick shows that, so far, that is not the case. Scholars are stili obsessed with publishing in print, even though access is lower. Electronic journals are cheap and easy to distribute, but their growth has been slow. 416. Ploch, Donald R. "Computing and Control." Social Science Computer Review, 8(4) (Winter 1990):614-626. {SUB} The use of computer based communication and control has become vital to the social sciences. It this article, the use of network services (Internet and the forthcoming NREN) is viewed from this perspective. 417. Polly, Jean Armour. "Surfing the INTERNET: an Introduction." Wilson Library Bulletin (June 1992). FTP host: nysernet.org; file: /pub/resources/guides/surfing.the.internet.2.0.txt. Version 2.0.2 December 15, 1992. {ITN} This easy to read article is intended as an introductory work for internet users, by concentrating on the size, scope, versatility, and possibilities of the network. Brief descriptions of some major internet services are included, as is a list of some major journals devoted to the network, as well as directions on how to access. Melvyl, Carl, and Micromuse. Also contains a brief bibliography of good "beginners" sources with directions on how to retrieve them, and a list of several organizations involved with the internet. This work has been updated at least once. 418. Potter, William Gray. "Special Issue: Locally Loaded Databases in Online Library Systems." Information Technology and Libraries. 9(2) (June 1989):special issue. {SDL} This entire issue is devoted to databases and online systems. Several articles deal with different aspects of the online database field. Some describe specific systems, while others deal with library systems in general. 419. Price-Wilkin, John, et al. "Text Files in Libraries: Present Foundations and Future Directions." Library Hi Tech. 93(3) (1991):7-44. {SUB} This article looks at electronic text in libraries, with a special emphasis on the humanities. For research purposes, all disciplines must be made available in this way. The authors look at the University of Michigan system as an example. Several diagrams are included. 420. Proceedings of the NREN Workshop, Monterey, California, September 16-18, 1992. Interuniversity Communications Council, Inc., 1992. {NYS} This workshop covered several observations on the NREN. The topics covered include the nature of the network, its uses, its goals, and its future. Full text copies of the position papers are provided, along with several illustrations. 421. Pullinger, D. J. "Chit-Chat to Electronic Journals: Computer Conferencing Supports Scientific Communication." IEEE Transactions on Professional Communications PC-29(1) (March 1986):23-9 {SUL} In this article, Pullinger looks at how electronic mail went from being a tool for "invisible colleges" to a vehicle for directory assistance and full electronic journals. 422. Quarterman, John S. The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide. Bedford Mass: Digital Press, 1990. {NYS} This work (which is slightly dates), is considered a classic in the field of computer networking. It address every aspect of networking, if only briefly. It includes a directory of international networks, with descriptions of how they are arranged. This is more of a textbook than a reference work, and is well suited to intermediate users and ambitious beginners. 423. Quarterman, John S. and Josiah C. Haskins. "Notable Computer Networks." Communications of the ACM 29(10) (October 1986): 932-971. {SUL} This article, now mainly of historical interest, identifies, describes, and compares several computer networks with were in use with the article was written. 424. Raeder, Aggi W. and Karen L. Andrews. "Searching Library Catalogs on the Internet: A Survey." Database Searcher 6(7) (September 1990):16-31. {NYS} This paper outlines the advantages of accessing and searching OPACs and CWIS over the Internet. However, the authors observe a need for better methods of connecting, and easier access to on-line help, as many university systems are constantly changing. There is a list of several available systems in the United States, with directions on how to connect, but the list is far from complete. 425. Rafaeli, Sheizaf and Fay Sudweeks, coordinators. Bibliography of CMC. Jerusalem, Israel: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, January 1993 (latest release). FTP host: archsci.arch.su.edu.au, file: /pub/projecth/projecth.bib.date {ITN} This bibliography was compiled by the participants of "Project H," a research project that observes the activity of the network, and studies the field of electronic publication. This is a lengthy bibliography, and it deals with internet, electronic publication, and other related sources. The citations are arranged alphabetically by main entry, and many have abstracts. There is no index beyond the alphabetical arrangement of the citations. It is only available through FTP, and it is updated frequently. It never claims to be comprehensive. The edition of the work appears as part of the filename. 426. Rafaeli, Sheizaf. "The Electronic Bulletin Board: A computer-Driven Mass Medium." Computers and the Social Sciences. 2(3) (July-Sept, 1986):123-136. {SDL} In this article, the author talks of the growing use of bulletin boards in the social sciences, and praises the interactive nature. Some other results on bulletin board research are provided as well. 427. Rapaport, Matthew J. "Computer Conferencing, Bulletin Boards, and Information Professionals." Online 15 (3 May 1991), p 33-35. {SDL} This article looks at how information professionals, especially professors, use the internet. Special attention is paid to conferencing systems, data searching, and the various type of email users. 428. Rapaport, Mathew J. Computer Mediated Communications. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1991. {CCL} This book looks at several methods of computer mediated communication, and comments on each. 429. Rawlings, Gregory J. E. "The New Publishing: Technology's Impact on the Publishing Industry Over the Next Decade." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review, 3(8) (1992). Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get rawlins1 prv3n8 f=mail; get rawlins2 prv3n8 f=mail. {ITN} This article looks at how the computer industry has changed everything, and how it will effect printed publishing in the near future. There is some technical talk about hardware costs, celuar radio, satellites, and fiber optics. There is also a section on "CD-books," and hand-held computers that will allow access and modification to all kinds of information, including that on the network. This brings up the issue of privacy. 430. Rayland, Jane. "In search of a Universal Library." Computerworld, 24 (Oct 8, 1990): 21. {RFM} In this news release, CNI and CAUSE talk about the implications of virtual libraries. They also consider how such establishments can effect networks, like the NREN. 431. Raymond, Eric. The Hacker's Dictionary. MIT Pressm Project Gutenberg, 1992. FTP mrcnext.cso.uiuc.edu, gutenberg/etext/etext92, jargn10.txt. {ITN} This work is an extensive glossary of computer hacker slang, terms, and jargon. It is derived from several earlier works of the same type, and is periodically updated. It also describes the different types of hacker slang and style. 432. Reich, Robert B. "The REAL Economy." The Atlantic Monthly. V 267 (2), Feb 1991, p 35-52. {NYS} This article is not directly related to the Internet or NREN, but describes how the economy is shifting from manufactured goods to collective brainpower and specialized knowledge (i.e. information). Reich critizses both Republican and Democratic wisdom regarding the economy, and suggests that we concentrate less on goods and on mental resources. Naturally, the NREN would be a way to do this. 433. Reich, Vickey. "Conference Report: Coalition for Networked Information: The Pricing Crisis, Setting a CNI Agenda." Library Hi Tech News. 81 (May 1991): 1-2. {SDL} This article looks at the issues of a CNI conference, where the major issues were the pricing of electronic information and other issues in electronic publishing, and an electronic community that is run by brains, not social values. 434. Reynolds, Joyce K. and J. Postel. Bibliography of Requests for Comments 1 through 999. Network Working Group, June 1987. FTP: ftp.nisc.sri.com, rfc, rfc1012.txt. {ITN} This is a simple bibliography of the RFC files, which are common throughout the network. Abstracts are not included, but date of entry and alternative names for the file are. This work is now dates, but still useful. 435. Reynolds, Joyce K. "The helminthiasis of the Internet." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 22(5) (1991):347-61. {RFM} This article talks about a virus, or "helminthiases worm" that once infected the internet. The virus continues to re- appear and spread, despite the efforts of system administrators. An extensive bibliography on the virus is included. 436. Rheingold, Howard. "Travels in Virtual Reality." Whole Earth Review, 67 (Summer 1990):80-87. {RAL} This article illustrates how virtual reality can enhance research. The examples he uses are in architecture, but the techniques and idea can apply to any field. 437. Rice, James. 'Managing Bibliographic Information with Personal Desktop Technology." Academe, 75(4) (July-Aug 1989): 18- 21. {HSG} This article describes how personal computers can handle bibliographic information. Compact Disks, access to the network and other online sources, OCLC, RLIN, and so on. 438. Rice, Ronald E. Communicating About Computers And Communication: A Course Overview. Email: Comserve@rpitsvm: cmced biblio. {ITN} This bibliography was designed as a reading list for a class at the School of Communication, Information and Library studies at Rutgers University. It contains source books and general readings in the field of computer-mediated communications and online education. 439. Rice, Ronald E. "Computer-Mediated Communication and organizational Innovation." Journal of Communication, 37(4) (Autumn 1987): 65-94. {SUL} This article looks at networking from a corporate angle, and identifies computer mediated communication as a new media which can have a profound effect on the organization and operation of a company. Productivity can raise in such a situation, thus increasing the output. Personal interaction, however, drops. 440. Rice, Ronald E. "Computer Mediated Communication system network data: Theoretical concerns and empirical examples." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies. 32(6) (1990):627- 647. {SUL} This article looks at computer-mediated communication (which includes electronic mail), and considers its advantages and restrictions. The article illustrates how computer mediated communication can be useful for research, and how it can resolve problems in organizational communication. Some unresolved questions (such as privacy) are raised as well. 441. Rickard, Jack. "Electronic Mail Call - Getting There Is Getting Easier." Online 14 (Sept 5, 1990): 37-40. {SDL} This article describes the access problems that can result from email (different protocols, for instance). The X.400 and X.500 protocol systems offer a possible solution. 442. Ritchie, Mark. "The WatMedia Project." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review. V1 #3, 1990. Email: listserv@uhupvm1, get ritchie prv1n3 f=mail. {ITN} This is an overview of the WatMedia project, a project at the Media Library of the University of Waterloo, Ontario, that provides better access to non-print resources. There were some technical problems with the SPIRES programs that were encountered, as well as an explanation for why is was selected. Cataloging rules for multimedia network works are suggested. 443. Rittner, Don. EcoLinking: Everyone's Guide to Online Environmental Information. Berkley, Calif: Peachpit Press, 1992. {CAM} This is a guidebook to online services that carry environmental information. Several Internet and Bitnet servers are listed, as well as commercial services, bulletin boards, and CD-ROM's. A list of software, mailing lists, and network gateways is included. 444. Roberts, Michael. "A Political Perspective on the Internet and NREN." Computers in Libraries, 12(5) (May 1992):58-61. {SDL} This article looks at some of the more common political issues related to the NREN. Namely, who will run it, and who will design the infrastructure. 445. Rockman, Ilene F. "Reference Uses of Campus Computer Networks: A Bibliographic Guide." Reference Services Review, 18(2) (Summer 1990):39-44. {SDL} This work contains a brief look at CWIS networks and their effects, along with a list of major campus computer networks. A selected bibliography is included. 446. Rogers, Sharon J. and Charlene S. Hurt. "How Scholarly Communication Should Work in the 21st Century." College and Research Libraries, 51(1) (Jan 1990):5-8. {SUB} Printed journals, being slow and difficult to produce and distribute, are obsolete. Electronic journals, being very fast, could be the new way for scholars to exchange ideas. 447. Rogers, Susan M. "Educational Applications of the NREN." EDUCOM Review, 25(2) (Summer 1990): 25-28. {SUL} This article looks at long distance education, especially for the physically challenged. There are many resources on the Internet that can help in education. 448. Rudy, Julia A., ed. The Best of CAUSE/EFFECT, 1978-1991. This is an anthology a papers from an annual meeting od the CAUSE and EFFECT coalition. Five of the included papers deal with networking issues. 449. Ruhlin, Michele, Herb Somers, and Judith Rowe. "National Research and Education Network and the Federal Depository Library Program." Documents to the People, 19(2) (June 1991): 106-109. {SDL} In this article, the authors describe the NREN, and implore all libraries to become part of it. The NREN will be a great advantage for any library (or document center) that is on the Federal Depository program, and will in fact help all users. 450. Ryan, Joe and Charles R. McClure. "The Role of Public Libraries in the Use of the NREN." OCLC Micro 7(5) (October 1991):31-3. {NYS} This article examines the importance the public libraries will play on the NREN. At present, the planners of the network are neglecting them. Ryan and McClure propose a survey to determine how public libraries would use the NREN. 451. Sadler, John. Canadian Internet-Accessible libraries. Canada, University of New Brunswick, 1991. FTP: hydra.uwo.ca, libsoft, cdn_internet_libs.txt. {ITN} This file consists of a list of Canadian library catalogs available over the internet, usually via Telnet. Access directions are provided. 452. Santifaller, Michael. TCP/IP and NCF Interneworking in a UNIX Environment. Translated by Stepher S. Wilson. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1991. {CAM} This book looks at computer networking using UNIX, with a special emphasis on the communication protocols required, such as TCP/IP and NFS. A small glossary and bibliography are included. 453. Saunders, Laverna M. "The Virtual Library Today." Library Administration and Management. 6(2) (Spring 1992): 66-70, {SDL} This article explores the idea of virtual libraries, and various pilot projects are illustrated. Progress on virtual libraries is slow, mainly because of budgets, but the technology is available right now. The virtual library agenda of the Coalition for Networked Information is presented, along with comments on how virtual libraries can enhance the NREN. 454. Saunier, Fredric. "The Public Network Goes On-Line." Telephony, 216(4) (April 3, 1989): 26-28+ {SUL} This article talks about a Bell South videotex system that is available in the Atlanta area, and a similar one that is available in Vermont, where it is possible to get magazines on- line, pictures and all. Saunier wonders if such systems will appear to both the mass and the computer buff. 455. Savage, J. A. and Garh H. Anthes. "Internet Privatization Adrift." Computerworld, 24 (Nov 26, 1990):1+ {RFM} The Internet is currently in a transition from government control to corporate control, and the process is very clumsy. Many businesses to money in the network. 456. Savage, J. A. and Gary H. Anthes. "U.S. Budget Shines on High-Tech." Computerworld, 25 (Jan 28, 1991):16. {RFM} This brief article is a description of the Internet, including the NSFNet (National Science Fund Net), the largest component. Issues of NREN funding are also addressed. 457. Schied, Barbara L., et. al. "Special Section: First Annual VTLS Library Directors' Conference - Linking Multimedia Digital Libraries: Where we are, Where we're going." Information Technology and Libraries, 11(1) (March 1992): 40-61. {SDL} This piece is an overview of the first VTLS Library Director's Conference. Topics covered included the linking of multimedia works to digital libraries, the impact of the NREN and CNI on libraries, the role of the National Commission of Libraries and Information Science, federal funding for libraries, the effect of new technology on library automation, and electronic copyright issues. There is also a question and answer session with Jane Ryland and Peter Yang. 458. Schoffstall, Martil L. and Wengyik Young. "A Critique of Z39.50 Based on Implementation Experience." Computer Communication Review, 20 (2) (1990 April): 22-29. {SUL} This is a description/commentary of the Z39.50 network protocol. The various problems with the protocol are outlined, including the uneven implementation and design. The authors decide that the Z39.50 protocol is inadequate for something as large and as fast as NREN. 459. Schultz, Brad. "The evolution of ARPNET." Datamation 34(15) (August 1, 1988):71-71. {SUL} This article is a historical study of ARPNET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the first major computer network of its type. Technology eventually forced ARPNET to close down, where it was replaced by Bitnet and the Internet. 460. Scott, Peter. "HYTELNET as Software for Accessing the Internet: A Personal Perspective on the Development of HYTELNET." Electronic Networking, 2(1) (Spring 1992):38-44. {COL} This article describes the use of HYTELNET as an information location and retrieval tool. Since it can use hypertext, it can travel very fast. The article also described how it works, what companies make it, and how to update it. 461. Scott, Peter. "Using HYTELNET to Access Internet Resources." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 3(4) (1992): 15-21. Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get scott prv3n4 f=mail. {ITN} This article describes briefly what telnet resources available through the HYTELNET protocol. A description of a run of the program is included, which can serve as a sample for newcomers to Telnet. 462. Scott, Peter. Wide Area Information Server at THINK.COM. Saskatoon, Ca., University of Saskatchewan Library, 1991. FTP: infolib.murdoch,edu,at, pub/dir/netinfo, wais.list. {ITN} This computer consists of a list of sights that provide or support the WAIS service. For those sights that include a fee, this fee is listed. 463. Sethi, Adarshpal S. "Bibliography of Network Management." Computer Communications Review. 19(3) (July 1989): 58-75. {ITN} This article contains a list a resources aims at network managers and internet experts. The materials in this bibliography may be difficult for a beginner to use. 464. Sexton, Mark. "ALA's Midwinter Meeting: Not Just for Children's Books." Publishers Weekly, 238(10) (Feb 22, 1991):113- 114. {SDL} This article talks about the ALA Midwinter conference of 1991. Comments are made about this being a meeting for "Children's Books." Among the main topics were a protest of the Persian Gulf War, and questions of Al Gore and the NREN. 465. Shandle, Jack. "Can Data Superhighways Put the U.S. in High Gear?" Electronics, 65(1) (Feb 1992):40-42. {HSG} At first, the network will be a tool for researchers, but it will expand to include general researchers. The Government and private agendas for the NREN are included, including their hopes and goals. 466. Silva, Marcos, and Glenn F. Cartwright. "The Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry, and Education (CANARIE)." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 3(6) (1992): 4-14. Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get silva prv3n6 f=mail. {ITN} This article deals with CANARIE, Canada's equivalent to the NREN. A brief history of CANARIE is presented, along with the influence that Bitnet, Internet, and the NREN has had upon its development, and the influence it has had on them. Contains several references. 467. Sippings, Gwenda, Hilary Ramsden, Geraldine Turpie. The Use of Information Technology by Information Services. (Association for Information Management Technology Survey, 1987). London, ASLIB, 1987. {SUB} This books looks at the use of the network by library and information science professionals. It looks at trends, software used, hardware used, and the general reaction to new tasks. There is also a section of database searching and co-operative nets. 468. Sloan, Bernard G. Linked Systems for Resource Sharing. Boston: G.K. Hall and Company, 1990. {NYS} This book contains an overview of the benefits and characteristics of automated resource sharing between libraries and research centers. The IRVING Library network (Denver, Colorado) is given as an example of linking disparate systems. 469. Smith, Eldred. "The Print Prison." Library Journal 117(2) (Feb 1, 1992):48-51. {SUB} This article starts be saying how slow print really is. It is so slow that it can stifle scholarly progress. Electronic text can change this, for both the scholar and the librarian, because of the rapid turnaround time. Problems of access must be solved first, however. 470. Smith, John. "The UK Office for Library Networking: primary goal and related activities." Library Association Record, 93(4) (April 1991):214-217. {SDL} This article provides an overview of computer networking in the United Kingdom, and the short range (1991-1992) plans of the Office of Library Networking, for setting up a UK-wide network. 471. Snowfill, Lucia and Rosemary Meszaros. "New Directions in Federal Information Policy and Dissemination." Microform Review 19(4) (Fall 1990):181-185. {SDL} The Reagan administration was filled with budget cuts and canceled services. This article lists many of the bills in Congress (the 101st) that may reverse this trend. 472. Spanbauer, Scott. "On-Line services and Data Bases." PC World. 6(10) (Oct 1988): 196-202. {RFM} This brief article contains information about on-line resources that are available through modem lines. It contains a short list of on-line resources, quick tips on how to minimize costs, and a list of aids that may be of help to users of all levels. 473. Sproull, Lee and Sare Kiesler. "Computers, Networks, and Work." Scientific American, 265(3) (September 1991): 116-123. {SUL} This article looks at how computer networks are changing the way people work, and looks at how work habits may continue to change in the future. Specifically, networks reduce face-to-face interaction, but also allow people to communicate with many more people that was possible before. 474. Spurgeon, Charles. Network Reading List: TCP/IP, UNIX, and Ethernet. Version 3.1, University of Texas at Austin, 1991. FTP ftp.utexas.edu, pub/netinfo/docs, net-read.txt. {ITN} This bibliography is designed for network managers and other advanced users, so the writing is a bit complicated. Most of the citations have abstracts, and concentrate on the TCP/IP protocol, which works mainly on UNIX machines. 475. SRI International, Network Information Systems Center. Bibliography About Network Protocols: A List of Background Readings. Chantilly, Virginia, 1989. FTP: nic.ddn.mil, netinfo, protocols-dod.bib. {ITN} This is a list of recent works dealing with network protocols. It is intended for users of all levels. 476. Stahl, J. Natalia. 'Using the Internet to access CARL and other electronic information systems." Science & Technology Libraries, 11(1) (Fall 1990):19-30. {SDL} This article starts with a description of CARL, the Colorado Alliance for Research Libraries, and its place in the Internet (it was one of the first local nets incorporated). Resources on CARL are listed, along with descriptions and access instructions for several other systems. 477. Standera, O.L. "Electronic Publishing: some Notes on Reader Response and Costs." Scholarly Publishing, 16(4) (July 1985):291- 305. {SUB} This article is a description of a University of Calgary experiment. A journal was presented in three printed copies, one microform copy, and one electronic copy. Authors liked the electronic copy, but users were reluctant to use it. Some other observations of the experiment are presented as well. 478. St. George, Art, and Ron Larsen. Internet-Accessible Library Catalogs and Databases. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico, 1992. Email: listserv@uvmvm.bitnet; get library package. {ITN} This set of files list several OPACS accessible, in some form, by the Internet. It is slightly out of date and is not complete, but the information it contains is still reliable. The library systems are arranged by state, provence, or nation, and come with instructions (usually telnet) for accessing them. In some cases, a brief description of how the catalog works is included, along with phone and/or fax numbers for the applicable administrative offices. 479. Stanfill, Craig and Robert Thav. "Information Retrieval on the Connection Machine: 1 to 8192 Gigabytes." Information Processing & Management. 27(4) (1991):285-310. {SDL} This technical, systems-related article deals with retrieval speed and quantity (by document size) of Internet resources. An algorithm is presented that improved document delivery rate. 480. Stanton, Deidre E. AARNet and the Academic Library: a report on the Senior/Workshop Held in February, 1992. Murdoch, M.A., Murdoch University Library, 31 March 1992. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/rpy, newcwkshp.rpt. {ITN} This is a description of a survey and meeting of several AARNet schools, with the intention of upgrading the network. There was talk of expanding several CWIS systems and adding them to the network. There was also a plan to add multi-media support and other technical innovations. 481. Stanton, Deidre E. Information About the Netlib Menu Facility. Murdoch University, 8 September 1992. FTP: infolib.murdoch.edu.au, pub/soft/netlib, netlib.doc. {ITN} This is a description of the Netlib facility, an AARNet service that acts as a combination of Hytelnet and Libs. 482. Stanton, Deidre E., and Todd Hooper. "The LIBS Internet Access Software: An Overview and Evaluation." The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 3(4) (1992): 4-14. Email: listserv@uhupvm1; get stanton prv3n4 f=mail. {ITN} This article describes a telnet service protocol, called LIBS. This program has also been called Sonoma, named for the university where it was developed. The article describes how to obtain a copy of this program over File Transfer, and briefly described how to use it. Interested readers are also directed to a mail server that announces alterations and updates to the basic program. 483. Stanton, Deidre E, comp. Using Networked Information Resources: a Bibliography. Murdoch University Library, Latest Update: May 20, 1992. FTP host: infolib.murdoch.edu.au; file: pub/bib/stanton.bib. {ITN} This is an extensive bibliography on the internet, and is considered one of the best available. It is arranged by media type (book, journal, whatever), and contains sources on all facets of the internet, from journal and book citations to file directories and service directories. The work has a title index, but no subject index, so bibliographic control is limited. 484. Stephen, Timothy and Teresa M. Harrison, Biblio: Directory of bibliographies and references lists. Troy, NY: Sage Laboratories, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Email: Comserve@rpitsvm; directory biblio. {ITN} This file contains an annotated list of bibliographies available through Comserve (Comserve@rpitsvm). Bibliographies on a variety of subjects are available through electronic mail, and/or file transfer. This list, while annotated, is arranged by date of entry, and has no index. 485. Sterling, Christopher N. Electronic Media and Society: A selected and Annotated Bibliography. Speech Communication Association, January 1983. Email: comserve@rpitsvm; send elcmedia biblio. {ITN} Most of the sources in this bibliography concentrate on the development of television and broadcasting. However, there are also several sources dealing with telecommunications and its impact on computer technology. These sources may prove useful for an internet scholar. 486. Stone, Peter. "Developing Networked Services for Libraries: the UK experience." Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 19(3-5) (November 1990):343-349. {SUL} In this article, Stone talks about the development of networks in the United Kingdom, and expresses hope for a network that takes in all of Europe. He also talks about existing library services existing on the networks, the problems they have, and the need for creating new services. 487. Stone, Peter. "JANET: an overview for libraries." The Electronic Library, 9(3) (June 1991):174-5. {SDL} This article is an overview of JANET, the UK network, and a description of how libraries can use it. Guides for JANET are available via electronic mail and file transfer. 489. Strangelove, Michael, and Diane K. Kovacs, comp. Directory of Electronic Journals and Newsletters, Edition 2.1. July 1992. Email: Listserv@uottawa.bitnet, get ejournal1 directory, get ejournal2 directory. {SUL} This work, consisting of two rather large files, is an annotated list of electronic journals and newsletters available over the Internet. There are directions for how to subscribe, and payment instructions for those journals that require a fee. 490. Strangelove, Michael. "Free-Nets: Community Computing Systems and the Rise of the Electronic Citizen." Online Access, 8(1) (Spring 1993):46-7. {CEL} This article describes free-nets: a local net that provides free service to the community. Cleveland has one, for example. Free-nets are non-profit organizations, and will hopefully increase in number. 491. Strauss, Howard Jay. "CWIS: What's In A Name?" Academic and Library Computing, 9(10) (Nov/Dec 1992):14-17. {CCL} This paper describes the ultimate CWIS system: large, attached to the Internet, carries internal information systems, carries information of general interest, and most of all, it works! In light of this, many existing CWIS systems fail to measure up. 492. Sugnet, Chris, ed. "Networking in Transition: Current and Future Issues." Library High Tech. 6(4) (Is 24, 1988):101-119. {SDL} This article examines the growth of network technology, especially that of local networks. Some major questions are asked, and the author expresses concern that some of the technology used in local systems could inadvertently sabotage the national network. Comments from eight experts are presented. 493. Surprenant, Thomas. "Can We Afford to 'Have a Nice Day?'" Wilson Library Bulletin, 66(4) (December 1991):82-84. {SUB} This article re-affirms the fact that computers are changing everything they come into contact with. To survive, the Library and Information Science profession must help decide how computer will be used in their field, rather than let the corporate world decide for them. 494. Swain, Leign and Paula, Tallim. "X.400: The Standard Fare for Message Healthy Systems." Library Hi Tech, 8(4) (Is 32 1990):43-55. {SUB} This article describes the X.400 protocol, a message handler that can be applied to inter-library loan, acquisitions, and document development. 495. Tanenbaum, Andrew S. Computer Networks, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. {RFM} This book talks about the technical side of network design: hardware and protocol software design, and how network services are set up. It also calls for a standardization of networks, and lists some example networks (including Bitnet). 496. "Task Force Report Looks at Future of Information Services." Bulletin of the American Physical Society. 36(4) (April 1991):1105-1107. {SUL} This is a summary of an APS meeting. One major topic addresses was that every user has a favorite tool, and uses it wherever possible. For example, Physicians use word processors, and very little else. 497. Templeton, Brad. Dear Emily Postnews, 30 November 1991. FTP: ra.msstate.edu, pub/docs/words-l/funnies, emily.postnews. {ITN} This is a humorous file describing how not to act on the network. The file reads like an advice column. Various "netequette" issues are mentioned. 498. Tennant, Roy, John Ober, and Anne G. Lipow. Crossing the Internet Threshold. Forward by Clifford A. Lynch. San Carlos, CA: Library Solutions Press, 1993. {NYS} This popular guide is a good narrative for beginners, but the lack of step-by-step instructions weakens its effectiveness. The book contains pointers on using e-mail, Telnet, file transfer, and pointers on how to travel around the network. A brief overview of the network and a glossary are included. 499. Tennant, Roy. "Internet Basic Training: Teaching Networking Skills in Higher Education." Electronic Networking, 1(2) (Winter 1991): 37-46. {COL} This article advocates Internet instruction in higher education, and offers some suggestions for achieving this. 500. Tennant, Roy. Internet Basics. Syracuse, NY (Eric Clearinghouse on Information). September 1992. FTP Host: nnsc.nsf.net; File: nsfnet/internet-basics.eric-digest. {ITN} This paper, produced and distributed by ERIC and through FTP, offers a brief overview of the internet. A simple description of how the system works and what it may hold in the future is included. There is also a short bibliography of readings. 501. Tennant, Roy. "Network Basics." Computers in Libraries, 12(4) (April 1992):55-7. {SDL} This article contains a list of the basic Internet functions that every user should know. Most of the standard services are included. 502. Tesler, Lawrence G. "Networked Computing in the 1990s." Scientific American. 265(3) (Sept 1991): 86-93. {SUL} Tesler looks at how social attitudes to computers have shifted from the "Colosis" model to the desktop servant. He also explains how this may effect the use of networks in the 1990's and beyond. 503. Thinking Machines Technical Report TMC-203. User Interface Documentation With Screen Shots. FTP: quake.think.com, pub/wais/doc, waistation_users_guide.txt. {ITN} This file describes a special WAIS interface called a Waistation. The utility uses the Z39.50 protocol to operate, and has the ability to alter WAIS searches using boolean logic. 504. Thomas, Eric. Revised Listserv System Reference, Release 1.5d. 1986, Ecole Centrale de Paris. Email: listserv@albnyvms, info genintro. {FTP} This is like a "Frequently Asked Questions" essay for listservs (in fact, an FAQ section is included). Descriptions of some common listserv error messages, how to fix errors, how to interact with a listserv, how to find a desired server, and some common commands are all included. 505. Tillman, Hope N. "Internet Restrictions: Why you Can't or Shouldn't Access or Do Something." Internet World, 3(7) (Sept 1992): 11-12. {COL} The National Science Foundation has rules for good behavior on the Internet. Everywhere you go there are acceptable rules for behavior. This article talks about how to avoid trouble. 506. Tillman, Hope N. "Internet Update Reading List." Specialist, 15(8) (August 1992):9. This brief list of internet related sources is designed as an update list for advanced internet users and scholars. 507. Tillman, Hope N. and Sharyn J. Ladner. "Special Librarians and the Internet." Special Libraries, 83(2) (Spring 1992):127-131 {SDL} This article is simply a call for special librarians to join the Internet. The various services of the network are illustrated as incentives. 508. Tomer, Christinger. "Anonymous FTP Resources." Academic and Library Computing, 9(10) (Nov/Dec 1992):8-12. {CCL} This article assess the value of file transfer resources for education. Major transfer sights and services are discussed as well. 509. Tomer, Christinger. "Instructional Computing: Integrating Network-Based Information Services into Instructional Settings." Academic and Library Computing, 9(8) (Sept 1992):16-22. {HSG} This article looks at more of the basic Internet services, and provides tips on how bibliographic instruction can help users learn how to use them. 510. Townley, Charles T. Human Relations in Library Network Development. Hamden, Connecticut: Library Professional Publications. {SDL} This book looks at the human side of library networks, taking into account the social impact, changes in user habits, and the reactions of librarians. It also looks at possible changes in human resource management practices. 511. Tyckoson, David. "The Settling of the Internet." Effector OnLine, 3(7) (22 Oct 1992). FTP: ftp.eff.org, pub/EFF/newsletters, effector3.07. {ITN} In this article, Tyckoson describes how Internet users are shifting from explorers to settlers: those who want useful information. This heavy use of the network may eventually result in payment for some of the information. 512. United States, Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. High Performance Computing: Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology. 101st Congress, First Session. October 3, 1989. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1989. SuDoc: Y 4.Sci 2:101/64. {SUL} This NREN hearing dealt with the applications of the NREN to science, engineering, and space exploration. 513. United States, Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. H.R. 3131, The National High- Performance Computing Technology Act. Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Science, Research and Technology. March 14, 15, 1990. {SUL} Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990. SuDoc: Y 4.Sci 2:101/115. This hearing consists mainly of statements by various experts, about different technical and educational contents of the NREN. Supercomputers were another important topic. 514. United States, Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. Informing the Nation: Federal Information Dissemination in an Electronic Age: Summary. Washington, D.CL Office of Technology Assessment, [1988]. SuDoc: Y 3.T 22/2:2 In 3/9/sum. {SUL} This work is a discussion of improving the dissemination of Federal information using existing technology, including the Internet. 515. United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. High-performance Computing and Communications Act of 1991: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space. 102nd Congress, First Session on S.272. March 5, 1991. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1991. SuDoc: Y 4.C73/7:S.hrg 102-23. {SUL} This NREN hearing discusses the NREN in terms of library services and resources sharing. Other topics included the scientific, scholastic, and even military advantages of the NREN. 516. Unites States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Department of Energy High-Performance Computing Act of 1989: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Development. March 6, 1990. S.1976 Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1990. SuDoc: Y 4.En 2:S.hrg. 101-613. {SUL} This NREN hearing dealt with on ongoing controversy of the NREN: will the primary function be educational, or commercial? 517. United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Department of Energy High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. 102nd Congress, First Session on S.343. April 11, 1991. Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office, 1991. SuDoc: Y 4.En2:S.hrg. 102-60. {SUL} This NREN hearing stressed the continued need to keep education one of the network's primary functions. Several statements from EDUCOM members are presented. 518. United States, Congress, Senate. High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. 102nd Congress, 1st Session S.272. Email: nis- info@nis.nsf.net, send nrenbill.txt. {ITN} This file explains how advances in technology are vital to the nation. This bill attempts to provide for this need, by laying ground for the NREN. A co-operative between the government, the people, and corporations are expected to build it. 519. United States, Congress, Senate. Information Infrastructure and Technology Act of 1992. 102nd Congress, 2nd Session, 30 June 1992, Draft. FTP: nic.merit.edu, /nren/iita.1992, gorebill.1992.txt. {ITN} This file contains a copy of Senator Gore's July 1992 bill, applying the NREN to schools, health care, and businesses. 520. United States, Congress, Senate, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. Computer Networks and High Performance Computing: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space. 100th Congress, Second Session. August 11, 1988. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1988. SuDoc: Y 4.C73/7:S.hrg. 100-947. {SUL} This transcript of an NREN hearing deals with the commercial, scientific, and even transportation benefits of such a network. 521. United States, National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. Report to the Office of Science and Technology Policy on Library and Information Services' Roles in the National Research and Education Network. Washington, DC. November 13, November 1992. This report, from the NCLIS to the OSTP, expresses several views. The common issues of who will pay for the NREN and how, what will the federal policy be, what will the governance be, will providers and users be charged, will copyright protection be insured, will privacy be insured, and so on. A copy of a news release related to the report is included. 522. United States, Postal Service, Marketing Department, Marketing Services Branch. Competitors and Competition of the United States Postal Service. Vol 18, June 1986. Washington, D.C: Office of Commercial Marketing, Customer Service Department, June 1986. SuDoc: P 1.48:18. {SUL} This work is a summary of alternatives and competitors to the United States mail service. This includes electronic document delivery systems, and alternative surface mail systems. 523. United States, Senate, Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space. National High-Performance Computer Technology Act of 1989. Senate Hearing 1067, June 21, July 26, September 15, 1989. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1989. SuDoc: Y 4.C 73/7:S.hrg. 101-638. {SUL} This two stage hearing discussed the possibilities of a high-speed computer network, and a bill forming such a net (now called the NREN). Several statements from politicians and other professionals are included. Copyright holders in particular expressed their concern. 524. Updegrove, John A. Muffo and John A. Dunn, Jr. "Electronic Mail and Networks: New Tools for University Administrators." EDUCOM Review, 25(1) (Spring 1990):21-28. {SUL} This article contains pointers and suggestions for administrators using the network. Most are new to the network, and have different needs, so the article discusses electronic mail, listservs, and provides advice on how to connect. A short reading list is included as well. 525. Updegrove, Daniel A., John A. Muffo, John A. Dunn, Jr. Electronic Mail and Networks: New Tools for University Administrators. Spring 1990. Email: listserv@bitnic, get emailnet updegr_d. {ITN} This paper describes electronic mail as a fast, powerful, but underused tool. Electronic mail is defined and described, along with the cost of the service on various networks. A list of some major networks is included as well. 526. "Urge National Computer Research Network." Resource Technology Management, 31(6):5. {SUL} This article calls for greater support of the NREN project. The communication industry wants to join, but they hesitate, partially because of policies. 527. Valovic, Thomas S. "Conflict or Cooperation? NREN and US Telecom Policy?" Whole Earth Review, 70 (Spring 1991):12-14. {RAL} Valovic raises some disturbing question about the building of the NREN infrastructure. The US telecommunication policies are a fragmented mess, and following them would create a very clumsy and unsatisfactory network. Corporations on the other hand, who see the NREN as a means of increasing profits, could run it quite effectively. Sadly, this route would probable cause a congressional gridlock. 528. Van Houweling, Douglas E. "The Information Network: Its structure and Role in Higher Education." Library High Tech. 5(2) (Is 18, 1987): 7-17. {SDL} This article talks about how the introduction of inexpensive microcomputers has accelerated the growth of library networks. It also described how this decentralization has created problems for resource sharing. Simply put, there are a lot more machines to worry about. 529. Vaughan Nichols, Steven J. "X.400: Standardizing E-Mail." Byte, 15(13) (Dec 1990):341-344. {SUL} Businesses tend to shy away for electronic mail because the differences in communication protocol can result in "dead" messages. This article describes the X.400 protocol, which can fix this problem of incompatible electronic mail. 530. Via, Barbara. Internet and NREN - A Selective Bibliography. University at Albany, June 1992, unpublished. {SDL} This bibliography is a list of 69 sources on the Internet and the NREN, that is available through the SUNY Albany libraries. This bibliography is not annotated. 531. Viehland, Dennis W. A Resource Guide to Listserves, Bitnet, Internet, and Usnet. University of Arizona, 1991. Email: listserv@arizvm1, get Listserv guide. {FTP} This file contains an overview of computer conferencing on several network sections. A section on acceptable electronic mail behavior is also provided. A description of Listerves is the largest section: what they are, how they work, what they do, the advantages and disadvantages of them, and how to find one on a chosen topic. Some lists are presented for the reader's convenience. 532. Walgren, Douglas. "Towards a High Education Network." EDUCOM Bulletin, 23(2/3) (Summer/Full 1988):8-10. {SUL} This article provides an overview of the NREN legislation, and encourages all stakeholders to get involved to manage, operate, and standardize it. A question and answer section is included. 533. Walsh, John. "Designs on a National Research Network." Science, 239 (Feb 19, 1988):861. {SUL} An OSTP report found the United States lagging behind networks in Europe and Japan. An upgrade of the USA network is planned, using fiber-optic connections, larger bandwidth, and better hardware. Such a network would easily expand the scope of user research. 534. Weber, Robert. "The Clouded Future of Electronic Publishing." Publishers Weekly, 237(26) (June 1990):76-80. {SDL} This article looks at the steps being taken to regulate or standardize electronic publication. The process is very difficult, and there are political obstacles that are as important as the technological ones. 535. Weber, Robert. "Libraries without Walls?" Publishers Weekly, 237(23) (8 June 1990):520-522. {SDL} This article looks at how libraries on the network are becoming interconnected. In doing so, they are reducing the idea of the library as "place" and turning it into a "service." 536. Weis, Allan H. "Commercialization on the Internet." Electronic Networking, 2(3) (Fall 1992):7-16. {COL} This article examines the commercial forces leading to the commercialization of the Internet. Among them are CWIS systems, local networks, and co-operative networks. 537. Weiser, Mark. "The Computer for the 21st Century." Scientific American, 26(3) (September 1991):94-104. {SUL} This article looks at how computers have become inconspicuous, in comparison to when they first became common. Some new technologies are explored that could make computing even more common than it is now. There is also a brief section dealing with virtual reality. 538. Weiskel, Timothy. "The Electronic Library and the Challenge of Information Planning." Academe. 75(4) (Jul-Aug 1989): 8-12, {SUL} This article describes the long, difficult process of setting up a network. In light of this relatively slow expansion, Weiskel believes that librarians have no excuse for not having made full use of them! 539. Welsch, Erwin K. "New Technologies: the best of the best for IBM MS-DOS Computers in 1990." Computers in Libraries, 11(6) (June 1991): 8-13, {SDL} This is a list of new hardware for the IBM-PC and compatible, including some very useful materials for accessing the network. 540. West, Richard P. "The NREN: Opportunities for College and University Administration." Cause/EFFECT, 15(2) (Summer 1992):13- 19. {COL} The NREN was originally started with scholars in mind. This article explains how academic administrators can use it, because of its expanding scope. 541. Whitaker, Becki. "Electronic Mail in the Library: A Perspective." Library Trends, 37(3) (Winter 1989):357-365. {SDL} This article provides an overview of electronic mail. Whitaker illustrates how it can be used for correnspodence, document delivery, use of textual databases, and even as a solution to playing "phone tag." Any of these applications can easily find use in a library. There are problems with electronic mail, mainly in the technical aspects, such as hardware. Some alternative solutions for these and other problems are provided. 542. Whitmore, Sam. "If IBM's Money Could Change the World." PC Week, 8(16) (April 16, 1991):61. {CCL} This short work is an opinion paper. In it, Whitmore encourages IBM to help finance the NREN project under a series of government contracts, saving itself and building the NREN in the process. 543. Wintsch, Susan. "Toward a National Research and Education Network." Mosaic, 20(4) (Winter 1989): 32-42 {SUL} This article deals with some technical problems that must be address before construction of the NREN can truly begin. Namely: increasing bandwidth to handle heavy traffic, improve the communication links, resolve the problems of incompatible software at the various locations, enhance the system to carry multi media materials, and so on. 543. Williams, Brian. "Libraries, Listserves, and LITA." Computers in Libraries, 12(5) (May 1992):45-7. {SDL} This article looks at how libraries can use the network. Telnet, listservers, and other services can all be of use in many parts of library service. This article was part of a presentation. telnet. 544. Williams, Martha E., comp. 13th National Online Meeting, Proceedings 1992. Sponsored by Learned Information, Inc., New York, May 5-7, 1992. Medford, NJ: Learned Information Inc, 1992. {NYS} These proceedings contain several papers dealing with the Internet and NREN. Issues include end user education for network use, corporate uses of the network, commercial information services, database searching, and full-text delivery of documents. 545. Wittkopf, Barbara. "Editorial: BI Librarian Involvement in the NREN." Research Strategies. 9(1) (Winter 1991):2-3. {SDL} In this brief article, Wittkoph points out the increasing use of the Internet (soon to be NREN) in libraries. In light of this, Bibliographic Instruction on the Internet should be provided in libraries of all types. 546. Wobus, John M. Syracuse University Network Bibliography. Syracuse, NY, April 9, 1990. FTP: icarus.cns.syr.edu, info, netbib.txt. {ITN} This is a networking bibliography, used by students of Syracuse University. It included publications local to Syracuse University. 547. Woods, L.B., et. al. "Networking, Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow." Resource Sharing and Information Networks 6(1) (1990):5-16, {SDL} Woods explains that networks are a distant outgrowth of technical services (OPACs). Current use of networks uses telecommunications, and they are likely to become global. 548. Woodsworth, Anne. "The Impact of Globalizing a Campus Library." Cause/Effect 12(2) (Summer 1989):3-5. {COL} Access through the network to library catalogs has accelerated the need for library services. A library must maintain its OPAC, if only for the network. If the system is incompatible with the network, it must be fixed. 549. Woodsworth, Anne, with the assistance of Thomas B. Wall. Library Cooperation and Networks: A Basic Reader. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1991. {NYS} This books starts by defining what a network is, the types of networks available, and the technology required to construct one. It continues to look at network management, evaluations of networks, and the economic implications. There is also a brief section on the problems, difficulties, and failures of computer networks. A bibliography and glossary are included. 550. Wright, Karen. "The Road to the Global Village. Scientific American 262(3) (March 1990):84-94. {HSG} The practice of connecting networks is gradually connecting everyone, resulting in a "global village." Networks had a bad start economically, but they are now very common in a variety of locations. Wright calls this a merger of computer and communication technology. 551. Yankelovich, Nicole. "Three Pieces of the Puzzle: Wide-Area Hypermedia, Information Agents, and On-Line Reference Works." Psychological Science 1(6) (November 1990):350-352. {COL} This article looks at the three unite required to implement an electronic text archive: Wide Area Networks, Information Agents, and On-Line reference works. These three components, working together, would make things easier for the user. 552. Yavarkovsky, Jerome. "A University-based electronic publishing network." EDUCOM Review 25(3) (Fall 1990):14-20. {SUL} This article talks about the collaborative nature of research on the network, as well as the fact that most scholars read individual articles as opposed to entire books or journals. This combination is ideal for the Internet, both for economic reasons, and for the ease of publication. However, users must set the "tone."